道德理由与道德动机析论——以迈克尔·斯托克为中心

On the Moral Motivation——From Michael Stocker's Position

在当代伦理道德理论研究中,对道德理由的追问是一个关键问题。很多论者认为,道德理由依赖于道德动机:只有出于道德动机的行为,才具有道德价值。但是,道德理由的可能性并不单纯取决于道德动机。这样便产生一个重大道德理论问题:道德理由与道德动机是否相关。一些哲学家认为道德理由与道德动机并不相关,而另外一些哲学家则主张两者是相关的。本文拟以迈克尔·斯托克为中心,对道德理由与道德动机问题加以剖析:首先,分析道德理由与道德动机之间的关系;其次,考察斯托克关于道德理由与道德动机的主张;最后,探讨斯托克对批评者的诘难的回应。

In contemporary study of the ethics theory, questioning the scholars put forward that the establishment of the ethical reason relies to moral motivation can actions obtain the moral value. However, the ethical reason is a key issue. Some on the moral motivation： Only due possibility of ethical reason is not merely depend on moral motivation. Given this circumstances , a significant problem on whether ethical reason related to moral motivation emerged. Some scholars put forward that there is no correlation between moral motivation and moral motivation, while the others point hold the converse opinion. Hence, it is necessary for us to give special focus on ethical reason according to such order： first, I will analyse the relationship between moral motivation and moral motivation; second, observe the argument possessed by Stocker on the relationship between moral motivation and moral motivation; at last, discuss the response Stocker given aim at interrogation.