马克思本体论革命的必然性考察——由批判主观思想展开的思考

The Inevitability of Marx's Ontological Revolution——Reflections on the Criticism of Subjective Ideas

虽然马克思和黑格尔都从本体论维度批判了主观思想,但不同的是,黑格尔依然局限在近代的思辨哲学内部,而马克思则提出了全新的实践本体,在批判主观思想的同时实现了对思辨哲学的本体论革命。马克思断定,在以黑格尔为最终完成者的形而上学建制内,意识的内在性问题——主观思想如何贯穿外在的社会现实,是一个无法解答的难题。唯物史观彻底颠覆了以往从意识出发去理解生活世界,主张实践的历史展开就是世界的改变,生活世界在从事着自我批判、自我革新。

Marx and Hegel criticized the subjective ideas in the perspective of ontology, but their differ- ence is that Hegel was still confined to the speculative philosophy of modem times and Marx proposed the practical ontology. Marx thought that how the subjective ideas mn through the external social reality is a difficult problem to solve in the metaphysics of Hegel. Historical materialism completely subverts the past view of understanding the living world in the perspective of consciousness. Practice makes the world change, and living world can have self criticism and self innovation.