晚清时期中美华人移民问题之争

The Bargaining Between China and the U.S Based on the Chinese Immigrants in the United States in Late Qing Dynasty

19世纪末,美国排华气焰高涨,华人移民频遭迫害。为维护国家尊严、挽救被迫害华人,清政府调整了相应策略。然而,自1870年代至1890年代初期,清政府的应对政策基本上是被动、收缩式的,"自禁华工"成为当时外交政策的主旋律。此后,清政府逐渐意识到海外华人的重要性,并建立对海外华商的专门保护机制;与此同时,清政府更为积极地应对与处理美国华人移民问题,利用美国对在华利益的重视迫使其在中国对美移民问题上让步。正是在这一背景下,抵制美货运动亦在政府默许下展开。

The Qing government adjusted its diplomatic strategies towards the Chinese immigrants in the United States, facing the persecution of Chinese Immigrants. The Qing government had began to notice the Chinese Immigrants＇ living environment, since 1870＇ s. The government＇ s diplomatic strategies was passive and contractive, until early 1890＇ s. ＂Prohibiting Chinese labors actively ＂was the government＇s diplomatic strategy, aiming at protecting those Chinese living in the United States. The Qing government realized the importance of overseas Chinese , abolished the ban on going abroad, and built a special sys- tem of protecting overseas Chinese. meanwhile, the Qing government began to cope with the problem of Chinese immigrants in the United States in a positive way and a new strategy was put forward, which was to utilize American concern of interests in China to force the United States to make Concessions on immi- gration issues. It brought out the occurrence of ＂Boycotting American goods＂ under the acquiescence of the Qing government.