隋唐五代时期“行”与城市工商业管理

Guild and Industrial and Commercial Management in the Cities in the Periods of Sui,Tang and Five Dynasties

隋唐五代时期,坊市制度破坏,农业生产水平提高,手工业、商业勃兴,城市人口膨胀,为同行业人员联合组织"行"的形成和发展创造了条件。"行"具有官方背景和接受政府严格管控的封建性、保守性,兼具调控城市工商业的重要职能。通过制定行规,组织劳动力,传授技术,保护工商业者,维护同行利益,发挥行业群体优势,提高同行社会地位,协调处理官方、商人、商品与市场关系,保证同业人员获得合法身份、利益及同行内部经营手段、价格、区域、分工的默契,促进商业交换扩大和商品经济因素的蕴含增长。

In the periods of Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties, production level was raised; handicraft and business prospered; people in the cities were growing, all creating conditions for the appearance of guild. Guild controlled by governments had the important functions of regulating industry and commerce. By way of making regulations, labor forces were organized ; technology was taught ; workers were protected ; bene- fits were guaranteed; group advantage was given full play of; social position was improved; the relation- ships of governments, businessmen, products and market were dealt with well, etc., which gave a better promotion of business exchanges and economic growth.