上海市闵行区60岁以上老年人对免费肺炎疫苗接种行为的认知和态度研究

Knowledge and attitude towards free pneumonia vaccination among eldly people aged over 60 years old in Minhang District of Shanghai

目的了解上海市闵行区60岁以上老年人对免费肺炎疫苗接种行为的认知和态度情况。方法以上海市闵行区60岁以上户籍老年人为研究对象,根据其对免费肺炎疫苗的接种意愿将其分为愿意接种组和拒绝接种组,然后分别从两组中各抽取910人,并在接种疫苗前利用自制《肺炎疫苗接种行为认知和态度量表》进行调查。通过t检验分析两组老年人在肺炎疫苗接种行为的认知和态度中有无差异,通过χ~2检验和Logistic回归分析方法对影响老年人接受免费肺炎疫苗的主要因素进行分析。结果愿意接种组和拒绝接种组老年人在肺炎疫苗接种益处知觉、针对疫苗接种行为的价值观、肺炎罹患严重性认知、肺炎易感性认知和疫苗接种障碍知觉这5个维度的得分经t检验,结果分别为21.691、6.105、9.882、5.670、-7.114,差异均有统计学意义。χ~2检验和Logistic回归分析结果显示,在量表所涉及的5个维度中,益处知觉(B=0.610,P<0.01)对老年人是否愿意接种免费肺炎疫苗的影响较大,障碍性知觉(B=-0.452,P<0.01)和严重性知觉(B=0.311,P<0.01)影响程度次之,易感性知觉(B=0.289,P<0.01)影响较小,价值观差异无统计学意义。除量表所涉及维度外,退休前从事商业、服务行业工作、年收入在1万~10万元、患有慢性病的老年人对免费肺炎疫苗的接受度较高。结论上海市闵行区60岁以上老年人群对免费肺炎疫苗接种意愿与其对疫苗接种的认知和态度显著关联,通过对患有慢性病的老年人宣传肺炎疫苗接种后的益处,有助于提高该人群肺炎疫苗接种意愿。

Objective To investigate the cognition and attitude towards free pneumonia vaccination among elderly people aged over 60 years old in Minhang District of Shanghai. Methods Target population was based on registered citizen over 60 years old in Minhang District.According to their willingness of pneumonia vaccineinjection,participants were divided into two groups,willing group and refused group.We randomly selected 910 people for each group.And before vaccination,a self-made ＂pneumonia vaccination behavior cognition and attitude questionnaire＂ was completed by each participant.Whether there were significant differences in the cognitive and attitude towards pneumonia vaccination between the two groups was analyzed by t test.χ~2 test and Logistic regression model was used to analyze main risk factors affecting the elderly attitude and behavior towards pneumonia vaccination. Results Statistical significant relations were found among following five cognition dimensions,which were benefits of vaccination（t=21.691,P0.01）,values of vaccination（t=6.105,P0.01）,the severity of affecting pneumonia（t=9.882,P0.01）,vulnerable of getting pneumonia（t=5.670,P0.01）and obstacle towards vaccination（t=-7.114,P0.01）.χ~2 test and Logistic regression analysis results suggested that among these five dimensions,cognition of vaccination benefits（B=0.610,P0.01）played the most important role in the attitude of elderly people between the two groups.The severity of affecting pneumonia（B=-0.452,P0.01）and obstacle towards vaccination（B=0.311,P0.01）played less important role regards elderly making decision of taking pneumonia vaccination.There was no statistically significant relations in sensitivity of getting pneumonia.In addition to the five dimensions discussed above,people who are engaged in commercial and service industry before retirement,with an annual income of between ten thousand to one hundred thousand and having chronic diseases are more likely to have a higher degree of acceptance of taking pneumonia vaccine than those without these properties. Conclusions There were significantly differences in cognitive behavior between willing to injection group and refused group among elderly.The results suggest that the benefits of pneumonia vaccination in older people with chronic diseases may have a positive effect on further increasing the rate of free pneumonia vaccination in the elderly population in Minhang District of Shanghai.