全国血气和酸碱分析室间质量评价不及格项目原因调查

Investigation on reasons of unacceptable external quality assessment results for blood gas and acid-base analysis in China

目的调查全国血气和酸碱分析室间质量评价(EQA)不及格项目的原因和采取的纠正措施。方法通过国家卫生和计划生育委员会(简称"卫计委")临床检验中心开发的基于web的EQA系统调查2016年全国3次血气和酸碱分析EQA活动中不及格项目的原因和纠正措施,并从EQA样本、EQA结果上报、方法、设备、技术、EQA评价、调查后无法解释7个问题归纳分析。结果 EQA不及格率为0.5%~13.1%,不及格原因回报率为45.8%~69.0%(除外少于20家的分组)。主要不及格原因分别为:技术(35.9%~37.0%),主要为EQA样本处理和储存不适当、试剂和校准问题;设备(24.4%~27.9%),主要为设备功能障碍和未定期维护;结果上报(12.2%~19.7%),主要为转录和编码错误;调查后无法解释(8.7%~9.6%);方法(8.1%~11.8%),主要为未充分培训和不适当室内质控;EQA评价问题(0.8%~3.3%),均为不适当分组。3次EQA活动的不及格原因分类相似。纠正措施:大部分纠正措施是适当的,包括对员工进行重新教育和培训以及针对仪器、试剂、室内质控、校准、结果上报等方面的改进。结论分析EQA结果中不及格项目的原因并对原因分类有助于实验室识别改进机会并及时采取纠正措施。

Objective To investigate the reasons of unacceptable results and corrective measures adopted in external quality assessment （EQA） for blood gas and acid-base analysis.Methods The reasons of unacceptable results and corrective measures for three EQA testing events of blood gas and acid-base analysis in 2016 were reported through EQA system based on web which was developed by National Central for Clinical Laboratories.The responses were divided into seven major groups,including EQA samples,errors in reporting results,methodology,equipments,techniques,EQA evaluations and unexplainable results after survey.Results The disqualified rates of EQA survey on blood gas and acid-base analysis were ranged from 0.5% to 13.1% and reporting rates of disqualification causes were ranged from 45.8% to 69.0% （except for the groups less than 20 laboratories）.In the reasons for unacceptable results technological defects （35.9% to 37.0%） were mainly associated with inappropriate specimen handling and/or storing,reagents and calibration problems.The defects of equipments （24.4% to 27.9%） included mainly the malfunction and failure to adhere to scheduled instrument maintenance procedures.The errors in reporting results （12.2% to 19.7%） were mostly transcription errors and reporting wrong codes.The unexplainable results after survey account for 8.7% to 9.6%.The methodological defects （8.1% to 11.8%）were largely attributed to inadequate training and quality control method.The defects of EQA evaluations （0.8% to 3.3%） were all due to inappropriate grouping.The categorizations of the problems in the three EQA testing events were similar.The most corrective measures were appropriate,in which re-education and training for staff and improvement in instruments,reagents,internal quality control,calibration and process of reporting results were included.Conclusion The analysis and classification for reasons of unacceptable EQA results should be helpful for laboratories in identifying opportunities for improvement and adopting corrective measures in time.