“一带一路”建设下礼让原则在承认和执行外国法院判决中的可行性研究

Feasibility Study on the Doctrine of Comity in Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments under the Building of the Belt and Road

礼让原则作为国际私法中的一项基本原则,在一些普通法国家的司法实践中被赋予了新的作用。礼让原则不仅表现了对主权国家的承认,同时也表现了对主权国家司法行为的尊重。互惠作为我国承认和执行外国法院判决的主要原则,在司法实践中主要表现为条约互惠和事实互惠,2017年《南宁声明》又确立了推定互惠。此前司法实践中对互惠先例的查明责任不明确和恪守事实互惠导致别国利用互惠对我国实施报复。在我国"一带一路"战略提出之后,应在司法实践中结合礼让原则的精神,将礼让原则作为互惠的前提性条件,二者互为补充,进一步推动推定互惠的发展和适用范围,从而发挥我国在促进全球民商事判决承认和执行领域的积极作用。

As a basic principle in private international law,the doctrine of comity has been given a new function in some common law countriespractice.Comity is not only aprinciple of recognition,but also a deference to foreign countriesjudicial acts.Reciprocity is the main principle for recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments in China,and in Chinese courtsjudicial practice,reciprocity can be found in the bilateral treaty on judicial assistance or be used as factual reciprocity.In 2017,the presumed reciprocity has been built up in the Nanning Statement.In the previous judicial practice,the unspecified standards of reciprocity and the insistence on factual reciprocity caused the other countries′retaliation to China.With the promotion of the Belt and Road initiative,the application of reciprocity needs to combine the notion of comity,and applying comity as a precondition of reciprocity.It will promote China to have a positive stance in the free movement of global judgments on civil and commercial matters.