东北亚民族历史上的粟特人与黑貂之路

The Sogdian and the Sable Road in the History of Northeast Asia

在历史上,除丝绸之路外,还存在另一条通往北方的把渤海、女真等东北亚民族与中亚联系起来的贸易之路。这条贸易之路是今塔吉克民族的祖先粟特人从东北亚当地的土著民族那里购买贵重的黑貂皮毛等商品,然后运回本国的重要通道。那个时候他们开拓的贸易之路,从一开始就被称作"黑貂之路"。黑貂之路是从谢米列奇耶地区出发,经过阿尔泰山区,南西伯利亚,蒙古西部,到达色楞格河流域,并由此经鄂尔浑河上游,前往鄂嫩河和克鲁伦河上游的线路。沿着这些河流,水路可以到达石勒喀河和额尔古纳河,并进入黑龙江、松花江、乌苏里江乃至东北亚内陆。通过黑貂之路,中世纪的东北亚很多国家及民族得以同中亚、伊朗、欧洲等民族进行文化、技术上的传播与交流。

In history, besides the Silk Road, there is another route to the north that links Central A- sia to Bohai area and the groups of Northeast Asia such as the Nuchen people. This trade route used to be an important channel for the Sogdian, ancestors of today＇s Tajik ethnic group, to deliver expensive sable fur and other goods purchased from the local indigenous peoples in Northeast Asia to their homeland. The trade route they developed at that time was called ＂the Sable Road＂ from the very beginning. The Sable Road starts from the Kazakhstan area, winds through the mountains of Altai, southern Siberia, Western Mon- golia, the Selenga River, the upstream of the Orhon River and reaches the upstream of the Onon River and the Kerulen River. Along these rivers, the water route can connect the Shilka River and the Eergun River with the Heilongjiang River, the Songhua River and the Wusuli River, even deep into the inland of Northeast Asia. Through the Sable Road, many countries and groups in Northeast Asia could carry out commu- nication and exchanges in culture and technology with people in Central Asia, Iran and European duing the Middle Ages.