刑事裁判文书繁简分流问题研究

A Study on Distinguishing between Formal and Simplified Versions of Criminal Judgement Documents

实现裁判文书繁简分流是最高人民法院《四五改革纲要》提出的一项改革任务。刑事裁判文书繁简分流的根本原因,是目前我国刑事裁判文书同质化现象比较严重,与刑事诉讼法规定的多元化审判程序不匹配,需要说理的没有充分深入说理,不需要深入说理的也得"八股文式"地列举"裁判理由",导致"繁者不繁、简者不简",不利于司法资源的优化配置。"控辩双方在审判中的对抗程度"是审判程序、裁判文书繁简分流的决定因素,审判程序类型是决定刑事裁判文书繁简分流的直接标准。要式裁判文书适用于"对抗式审判程序",应当格式规范,要素齐全,而且必须进行充分深入的释法说理。"简式裁判文书"适用于"合意式审判程序",其释法说理以简单的形式进行,一般不需要长篇大论式地阐述裁判理由,只要把有关事项,特别是对"认罪认罚""控辩协议"等事情进行真实的记载,就是在为裁判主文阐述理由。

It is a reform task provided in The Summary of the Fourth Five-Year Reform of Peoples Court to distinguish the formal and simplified versions of criminal judgement documents.The underlying reason is that,increasingly,homogenized criminal judgement documents cannot match the diversified criminal procedures,which results in an improper simplification or complication of criminal judgement documents and a waste of judicial resources.To set the standard for distinguishing criminal judgement documents,the types of cases and the corresponding criminal procedure should be taken into account.The degree of confrontation between the plaintiff and defendant should be the determining factor in distinguishing between the different versions of criminal judgements and criminal trial procedures.The type of criminal trial procedure should be the immediate standard for the use of criminal judgement documents in simplified or formal version.Formal criminal judgement documents are applicable to the adversary litigation mode,where sufficient reasons need to be given.Therefore,formal criminal judgements should be rendered in a formal style and contain all the relevant factors of criminal judgements.On the other hand,a simplified form of criminal judgement documents is applicable to trials where prosecution and defendant reach agreement.In the simplified form of criminal judgement documents,the reasons for the judgements do not need to be given in exhaustive detail,and should rather be recorded with the pertinent facts duly noted,in particular the agreements of plea bargaining and the facts of leniency based on peccavi,which should be deemed the reasons for,or basis of,the given judgements.