人工碳纳米材料的环境转化及其效应

Environmental Transformation of Engineered Carbon Nanomaterials and Its Implications

近年来,人工碳纳米材料在诸多领域都显示出了广泛的应用前景,而碳纳米材料产量和使用量的大幅增加也使其环境行为与效应受到关注。碳纳米材料进入环境后,可发生复杂的物理、化学和生物转化,导致其表面电荷、疏水性及表面官能团等理化性质发生显著改变。碳纳米材料的环境转化一方面可导致其胶体稳定性、迁移能力和生物效应发生改变,另一方面可显著影响其富集、输送和转化环境污染物的能力,因此,环境转化决定了碳纳米材料的环境行为及其效应。本文总结了近年来有关人工碳纳米材料环境转化及其效应的主要研究成果,探讨了环境转化影响碳纳米材料环境行为与效应的关键机制和构效关系。

Engineered carbon nanomaterials have shown great promise in many applications. With the rapid increase in the production and use of these materials,their environmental behaviors and implications have received much attention. Carbon nanomaterials can undergo significant physical, chemical and biological transformation in the environment,resulting in remarkable changes in their surface charge,hydrophobicity and surface functionality. Environmental transformation of carbon nanomaterials can significantly affect their colloidal stability,transport and toxicity,as well as their capabilities to accumulate/mobilize environmental contaminants and to catalyze environmentally relevant reactions. Thus,environmental transformation largely dictates the environmental behaviors and implications of carbon nanomaterials. This paper summarizes the recent key research findings in the area,with an emphasis on the underlying mechanisms and structure-effect correlations.