基于GREET模型的新能源汽车污染排放特征分析

GREET-based model for analyzing pollutant emissions characteristic of new energy vehicles

利用美国阿贡国家实验室提出的"从油井到轮胎"(well-to-wheel,WTW)评价体系和交通运输中温室气体排放、排放控制和能源使用(greenhouse gases,regulated emissions,and energy use in transportation,GREET)交通运输仿真模型,采用控制变量的方法分析了传统汽车和新能源汽车在排放量和能耗方面的区别,同时以4个能源结构差异明显的国家为例,对电动汽车从能耗和排放两个方面进行了环境性方面的分析.从模拟输出数据可以看出,以新能源为主的国家比较适合发展纯电动车,其排放量明显小于以化石能源为主的国家的排放量,可见研究能源结构和电源结构对新能源汽车的环境性影响意义较大,为政府和企业的决策提供了相应的对策和建议.

Using an evaluation system of from the well-to-wheel （WTW） and the green- house gases, regulated emissions, and energy use in transportation （GREET） model pro- posed by the Argonne National Laboratory, USA, controlling variables, emissions and en- ergy consumption of both traditional and electric vehicles can be calculated. The WTW calculation methods and GREET model put forward by the U.S. Department of Argonne National Laboratory are used to compare environmental and economic implications of con- ventional, hybrid, electric and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles in their whole life cycle. Four countries are then compared with different energy structures, differences about electric cars can be seen from energy consumption and emissions. Differences in energy consump- tion and emission exist in pure electric vehicles between countries using fossil energy and countries using new energy. From the data, it can be concluded that countries using new energy is given priority to develop pure electric vehicles with less emissions. Thus energy and power structures affect the environmental implication of new energy vehicles.