不同气候带的河道与沙丘分布格局及其类型划分

Distribution Patterns and Its Classification at the Scale of Channel-Sand Dune in Different Climate Zones

风水交互作用是干旱区常见的地貌现象和重要的地表过程,干旱区河流通过提供物源和场所控制沙漠分布的格局,沙漠分布与风沙活动制约河道发育和泥沙输移,在不同时空尺度表现不一,但关于二者交互作用的分类处于探索阶段,尚未形成分类体系,尤其在地貌格局分类上多为定性描述。因此,自西向东选择位于3个气候带的中国西部克里雅河、中部毛不拉格孔兑以及东部西拉木伦河,利用遥感影像解译获取河道与沙丘信息,探讨近源沙丘的分布与河型之间的组合关系。结果表明:河型、河流流向与风向之间的关系、水文以及距离河道的远近影响河道与沙丘组合的地貌格局;在河道—沙丘尺度上,划分为弯曲河道—对称式边滩沙丘、顺直河道—边滩沙丘、分汊河道—心滩式沙丘、网状河道—格状镶嵌式沙丘4种类型。

Aeolian-fluvial interaction is a common landform phenomenon and an important earth surface process in the arid regions.The rivers in the arid regions significantly influence the form and distribution of the sand dunes by providing sediments and accommodation.In return,the distributions of the sand dunes and the sand activities have restricted the growth of the river channel and the transportation of the sediment in different temporal-spatial scale.However,the research on the classification system of aeolian-fluvial interaction has not been formed in the exploration stage,especially in the landscape pattern classification on qualitative description.This research selected the main river basins and deserts in the northern China,including the three typical river basins,the Keriya River in the west,the Mu Bulag River in the middle and the Xar Moron River in the east of the northern China to observe such interactions between fluvial and aeolian system.By employing the knowledge and methods of geomorphology and landscape ecology based on the data of remote sensing,this thesis provides a comprehensive understanding of the landscape distribution pattern between river channel and sand dunes.Furthermore,the types of the interactions between sand dunes and rivers are classified.The main results show that at the scale of channel-sand dune,the distribution patterns of sand dunes and rivers was divide as four types,meandering channel-symmetrical interleaving dunes,straight channel-riverside dunes,anabranches channel-river-island dunes and anastomosing channel-grid-like dunes.