社会组织参与城市公共服务供给的美国经验及启示

American Experience and Revelation of Social Organizations Participating in the Supply of Urban Public Service

美国富有强大的公民社会传统,一直被认为是社会组织活动的温床。在过去的30年间,美国的非营利组织不仅实现了数量的突破,而且参与城市服务供给的领域与范围不断拓宽,并与政府建立起了长期性、制度性的互动关系。这种互动关系的形成既有思想基础,也有历史原因和现实动力,并在实践中形成了参与范围广、公法规则大量适用等特点。美国在长期的制度实践中所形成的政社竞争性伙伴关系,对于正处于改革与发展过程中的中国而言具有很强的借鉴意义。相应的,政府要加强合同管理,社会组织要强化自身能力建设。

The United States has a strong tradition of civil society. It has long been considered a best place for social organizations. Over the past 30 years, non-profit organizations in the United States have not only achieved a breakthrough in terms of quantity, but also widened the scope of participating in the supply of urban services, and it has established long-term and institutional interactive relationship with the government. The formation of this interactive relationship has both ideological foundation and historical reason and practical motivation. In practice, it has formed the characteristics of wide participation scope and wide application of public law rules. The political ＆ social competitive partnership formed by the United States in the long-term system practice has very strong reference significance for China in the process of reform and development. The government should strengthen the contract management ability, and social organizations should strengthen their capacity.