我国金沙江干热河谷地区甘蔗野生种质资源采集与鉴定

Collection and Identification of Wild Germplasm Resource of Sugarcane in Jinsha River Dry-hot Valleys

为了扩充国家甘蔗野生资源,进一步挖掘具有育种潜力的亲本材料。对金沙江干热河谷地区华坪县、攀枝花市区、盐边县、米易县、会理县、永仁县等12个市县的甘蔗野生种质资源进行了采集和鉴定,共采集斑茅9份,割手密20份,蔗茅4份,芒1份,涉及4个属4个种,合计34份。主要农艺性状相关性分析结果表明:所采集的甘蔗野生种质资源性状差异显著,株高、茎粗、叶长和叶宽均存在极显著或者显著(株高和叶长)的相关性,而锤度与其它指标不相关。遗传多样性分析表明:所采集的甘蔗野生种质资源多样性指数为1.53~1.68,变异系数为0.35~0.61,具有较高的遗传多样性。聚类分析可将其分为四个类群,其中Ⅲ类群具有较好的锤度品质潜力,Ⅳ类群具有较大的生物产量。Ⅲ和Ⅳ类群可推荐作为甘蔗育种的优异材料。

In order to enrich the wild germplasm resource pool of sugarcane and discover potential wild parental materials for breeding in China, germplasm resource of sugarcane were collected and characterized from 12 cities and counties of Jinsha River Dry-hot valleys. Collected were 9 accessions of Erianthus arundinacius, 20 accessions of Sacchuram spontaneum, 4 accessions of Erianthus rufipilus and 1 accession of Miscanthus sinensis, totaling 34 accessions including 4 genera and 4 species. Correlation analysis showed that there were significant differences in characteristics among the wild germplasm resource of sugarcane collected. The plant height, stem diameter, leaf length and leaf width were highly significantly correlated or significantly correlated （between plant height and leaf length）, but there was no correlation between brix and other four major traits. Genetic diversity analysis showed that the genetic diversity index of the wild germplasm resources was 1.53-1.68 with the variance coefficient being 0.35-0.61, indicating that all the collections were high in genetic diversity. These 34 accessions of germplasm resources could be divided into four groups, in which Group III had good quality potential of brix, and Group IV had greater biomass. Groups III and IV could be recommended as desirable sugarcanematerials for breeding.