珠芽魔芋叶面球茎的丰产栽培技术

High Yielding Cultural Practices for Producing Bulbils from Amorphophallus bulbifer by Dwarfing

珠芽魔芋植株适宜热区林下套种,但遮荫导致高大植株耗去过多养分,叶面球茎数量稀少,繁殖系数受限,制约了种芋的数量。采用多效唑、烯效唑及矮壮素3种矮化剂抑制地下球茎顶芽优势,促使魔芋植株趋于矮化粗壮,控制魔芋顶芽植株在遮荫环境条件下过度生长,有效矮化了植株,并使营养物质充分用于叶面球茎中干物质的积累。对于较大的球茎,可将掰除顶芽与喷施化学矮化剂相结合以促进侧芽生长和植株矮化,从而达到丰产叶面球茎的目的。对不同重量的繁殖材料,植株矮化率为24%~48%,叶面球茎数量平均增加率达65%~160%。

Amorphophallus bulbifer is suitable for planting under forests or plantations in the tropical areas, but the shade brings about high uptake of nutrients of the high plants of A. bulbifer and low production of bulbils on the leaves for propagation. A. bulbifer plants were treated with paclobutrazol, uniconazole or chlormequat chloride to inhibit their apical dominance of the corm, which will facilitate their plants to grow dwarf and robust and control their overgrowth under the shade, leading to dwarfing and conversion of the nutrients into dry matter in the bulbils of the leaves. For large corms the apical buds were removed and the corm were sprayed with the chemical agents to allow emergence of lateral buds and dwarf growth of the plants to produce more bulbils on the leaves. For corms of different weight, the treatments produced a plant dwarfing rate of 24% to 48%, and the number of bulbils produced was increased by 65% to 160%.