从“身份认同”到“文化认同”——媒介与LGBT研究的路径与转向

From “Identity”to “Cultural Identity”: The Path and Turn of Research on Media and LGBT

国内外对于LGBT群体的研究以社会学、传播学、人类学的研究视角为主,以媒介为线索考察LGBT的研究现状,有助于理清传播学视角的研究路径与转向,进而为该领域的研究寻找新的突破与方向。围绕近年来媒介与LGBT的重要研究成果,分析梳理出文化研究、传播效果研究以及媒介话语三种主要研究路径,这三种路径都将这一边缘群体的研究聚焦于"身份认同"的问题。互联网与性少数群体的连接改变了LGBT群体的身份认同方式,从被建构的少数群体到利用互联网空间开展社群活动,使在线空间和现实空间之间的互动成为新的研究取向;建构论视角下的"身份认同"转向了与主流异性恋群体之间的"文化认同"问题。同时,网络社群将LGBT的活动空间再生产为新的社会关系和日常实践,使"身份认同"延伸为政治参与和权益平等等现实问题。

The perspectives of domestic and foreign research on LGBT are sociology,communication and anthropology. Taking the media as clue for LGBT research is helpful to the study from the communication perspective. Besides,we will find out the breakthrough and new directions in this field. By analysing the important research results in recent years concerning the media and LGBT,we have found three main approaches in this field,including cultural studies,the effect study and media discourse study. These three paths all focus on the ＂identity＂problem. The connection of Internet and minority groups has changed the identity of the LGBT group from constructing minority groups to community space activities via Internet. The interaction of online space and real space is becoming the new orientation of study. The constructivist perspective of＂identity＂has turned into the problem of cultural identity with mainstream heterosexual groups. At the same time,the network community reproduces the activity space of LGBT as a new social relation and daily practice,and ＂identity＂extends to the realistic problems,such as political participation and equal rights and interests.