俄罗斯萨哈共和国典型寒区土渠监测与分析——以Khorobut灌渠为例

Monitoring and analysis of earthen irrigation canals in typical cold area of the Russian Republic of Saha——Khorobut irrigation channel as an example

寒区土体河渠的研究对寒区土渠灌溉系统具有重要的影响,也对国家农业经济的发展具有重大的意义。通过对俄罗斯萨哈共和国典型寒区土渠监测与分析,以Khorobut灌渠为例,对Khorobut、Khalaany、Dadaar和Shestakovskaya四个灌溉体系的观测研究结果分别进行论述与分析。而在本文中主要讲述Khorobut流域灌溉体系。指出:(1)Khorobut流域灌溉土渠的建造历史(是雅库特最古老的灌溉体系之一)及其现状;(2)土渠分别在1969—1970年、1983—1984年、1986年进行监测,其监测的特征参数均发生变化;(3)对深度为2.5~4.0m的主河渠(第一类河渠),深度为1.5m的供水排水河渠(第二类河渠)两种类型的河渠不同区段渠道变形特征进行分析。主河渠(第一类河渠)沿着阿拉斯洼地行进,深度超过季节性解冻深度,其轨道经历了四个阶段:Sytygan、Elesin、Ulakh和Ebe,变形的性质通常相同;第二类河渠(供水和排水)的研究让我们观察了不同运行阶段河渠河床的形成。

The study of the cold area has an important influence on the irrigation system in the cold area, and it is also of great significance to the development of the national agricultural economy. Through the monitoring and analysis of the canal in the typical cold areas of the Russian Republic of Saha （taking the Khorobut irrigation channel as an example）. Below are given the observation results of 4 irrigation systems： the Khorobut, Khalaany, Dadaar and Shestakovskaya ones. In this paper, the Khorobut watershed irrigation system is mainly described. It points out： ①The history of the construction of the Khorobut River Irrigation Canal （one of Yakutsk＇s oldest irrigation systems） and its status; ②The survey was conducted in 1969-1970, 1983-1984, 1986, and the characteristic parameters of the monitoring were changed; ③Canals of 2 types run along alas depressions： the main canal with the depth from 2.5 to 4.0 m （the first type） and water supply-discharge canal with the depth to 1.5 m（the second type） ： The main canal goes through alas depressions along the low places, which depth exceeds the depth of seasonal thawing. The main canal＇s track goes through 4 alases： Sytygan, Elesin, Ulakh and Ebe. Studies of the canals of the second type （water supply and discharge ones） let us observe the canals bed formation at variouS periods of operation.