FMEA方法在高压高温承压设备设计开发过程的应用

Application of FMEA in Design and Development of High-pressure and High-temperature Equipment

简要分析了石油天然气用高压高温承压设备的风险,以产品研发过程的设计验证和设计确认为重点,讨论了失效模式、载荷类型、应力水平及发生的概率,结合现有设计手册给出了验证计算方法建议,以水下井口阀门为例列举了FMEA方法应用到HPHT产品的应用步骤,给出设计确认试验建议。得出:在HPHT设备的研发设计阶段,应用FMECA,有组织系统地找出可能的故障模式及其影响,为需要重点开展的设计确认试验提供定性信息,有利于提高产品的设计质量和可靠性水平;针对HPHT设备失效后果严重,在设计验证阶段引入极端载荷、残存载荷及其发生的概率,按不同的设计余度进行验证校核,并通过试验确认,提高产品的安全性指标。

The risk of high-pressure and high-temperature equipment in petroleum and natural gas industry is analyzed briefly, and the failure modes, load types, stress levels of the high-pressure and high-temperature equipment and their occurrence probabilities are dis- cussed with emphasis on the design verification and design confirmation of the product development process. Some suggestions to the verification calculation method are proposed based on the existing design manual. Taking underwater wellhead valve as an example, the application procedure of FMEA in the design of HPHT products is given, and some suggestions to the design confirmation test are pro- posed. It is conelused that in the design stage of HPHT equipment, using FMECA systematically identifies the possible failure mode and its effect to provide qualitative information for the design confirmation tests which need to focus on finishing, which is beneficial to improve the design quality and reliability level of the products; because of the serious consequences of HPHT equipment failure, ex- treme load, residual load land and their occurrence probability are introduced in the design verification stage of HPHT equipment, and according to the different design redundancy, they are confirmed by test to improve the safety index of the products.