惠安女民俗研究综述与展望

Summary and Reflection on the Folklore Studies about Hui'an Women

福建三大渔女之一的惠安女一直是学术界的关注焦点。20世纪20年代以来,历经90多年的惠安女民俗研究经历了从历史学、人类学、民族学到艺术美学和社会学的过渡,实现了从深沉的惠安女服饰和族属探源向浪漫的惠安女民俗风情的转变。但是民俗文化具有积淀性与升华性并存的特质,在社会和区域变化的背景下惠安女民俗已经发生了变化,而学界对惠安女的研究忽视了对其时间性与空间性的同时观照,未能动态呈现其发展历程。而且,作为一门女性民俗,学界只注重客体层面的惠安女的女性民俗研究,而忽视了主体层面的惠安女的女性主义民俗研究。女性主义的民俗研究行使着自觉的社会文化批评的使命,思考性别关系下女性民俗群体和个体的主体性表达。因此,把女性视角融入惠安女民俗研究是一种新契机,能够更好地关注和反思当代惠安女的生活文化。

Hui＇an women,as one kind of fisher women in Fujian province,have long been a focus in the study of the academia.Folklore Studies about Hui＇an Women have experienced the transition from the scope of history,anthropology,ethnology,aesthetics to the scope of sociology,a transition from exploring the origin of Hui＇an women and their costume to their folk customs.However,inheritance and development are features of folk culture.Scholars seem to fail to take into account timeliness and spatiality to their study.Meanwhile,scholars only pay attention to Hui＇an women＇s folk customs,but ignore the critical inquiry of the customs from the perspective of feminism.The involvement of feminism will bring new improvement to the folklore study on Hui ＇an Women.