柯林·克劳特:圈地运动中的“牧羊人”

Colin Clout: The “Shepherd” in Enclosure Movement and Pastoral Tide in English Renaissance

英国文艺复兴时期的"牧歌潮"以斯宾塞的《牧人月历》为始,锡德尼、马洛和格林等诗人纷纷撰写牧歌体诗歌和十四行诗,在延续中世纪"农夫皮尔斯"文学传统的同时,关注圈地运动中出现的各种社会问题,并隐射当时农村的民情民苦。斯宾塞塑造的柯林·克劳特不仅是《牧人月历》中的核心人物,而且在他的《仙后》等后期诗歌中频繁出现,因此成为"牧歌潮"中最具代表性的"牧羊人"形象。英国文艺复兴时期的牧歌在讴歌世外桃源般的牧人生活、讽喻城市腐败的传统文学思想中体现了人文主义诗人的意识和转变,对圈地运动中出现的社会问题(如失地流民和贫富分化等)和暴露出的人类罪性根源(如贪婪和腐败等)进行了深刻的剖析与批评。

The pastoral tide in English Renaissance begins with Spenser＇s Shepherd＇s Calendar, and is enriched with the pastorals and sonnets of Sydney, Marlow and Greene, etc. The poets share the concern about various social problems emerging during the enclosure movement and about the suffering and situations of country people, while continuing the literary tradition of Piers Plowman since the middle age. Colin Clout is not only the central character in Spenser＇s Shepherd＇s Calendar, but also appears frequently in his later poetry, including Faerie Queene, therefore he becomes the representative image of the shepherd in the renaissance pastoral tide. Renaissance pastorals, based on the tradition of eulogizing the Arcadian country and satirizing the corrupt city, analyze social problems like lost-land vagrants and inequality, which emerge during the enclosure movement, and criticize the evil root of humanity like greed and corruption, which reflects the consciousness and transformation of humanistic poets.