现代生态保护理念在生态保护中的应用

Modern Ecological Protection Concept and Its Application to Ecological Protection

生态环境问题的日益突出催生了一系列生态保护理论。总结了系统生态学保护、景观生态学保护、可持续发展保护和生态安全/风险保护4大类生态保护理念的核心思想及特点。结合4大理念在生态环境保护实践中的应用,进一步阐明相关生态保护理念的内涵以及这些生态理念对生态保护方式、生态评价方法和国家保护政策的影响。基于生态安全/风险理念,面对我国生态环境总体脆弱、生态安全形势严峻的现实,中国生态学家进一步提出了生态保护红线理论,划定并严守生态保护红线,实现一条红线管控重要生态空间,确保生态功能不降低、面积不减少和性质不改变,是构筑我国生态安全格局的有效手段。最后,总结了现代生态保护理念发展的共同趋势,即现代生态保护理念不仅是一种理念,而且伴随有一套可操作的技术方法。

The currently aggravating eco-environment problems have given birth to a series of ecological protection theo-ries ,which could be summarized into four groups of ecological protection concepts by core ideas and characteristics, name-ly, system ecology protection, landscape ecology protection, sustainable development protection, and ecological safety/ risk protection. Connotations of these ecological protection concepts and effects of the ecological protection concepts on eco-logical protection mode, ecological evaluation method and national protection policies were further illuminated by examples of the eco-environmental protection practices. Based on the concept of ecological security and the reality of severe ecological security situation which has a fragile ecological environment, Chinese ecologists have put forward the theory of ecological protection redline. Delineation and strict protection of ecological protection redline, it is an effective means to construct the ecological security pattern of China, and to ensure that the ecological function is not decreased, the area is not reduced and the nature is not changed. In the end, a common developing tendency of the modern ecological protection concepts was summarized as that the modern ecological protection concepts are not merely a kind of concepts, but they also have a set of matching operable technical methods.