纳米材料用于改性水处理中的有机-无机杂化膜的研究进展

Studies of nanoparticles used in organic-inorganic hybrid membranes for water treatment

通过将亲水性的纳米粒子加入有机高分子膜的制备中得到的有机-无机杂化膜结合了无机膜和有机膜的优点,成为膜技术领域的研究热点之一。在制膜过程中引入的纳米粒子主要包括ZrO_2、TiO_2、Al2O3、SiO_2、石墨烯等,主要通过3种不同方法:无机纳米颗粒可直接加入铸膜液、复合纳米粒子改性、纳米粒子前驱体改性制备有机-无机杂化膜。从理论与应用两个角度对有机-无机杂化膜在提高物理和化学稳定性、分离性能,膜亲水性以及抗污染性能等方面进行了阐述,归纳了有机-无机杂化膜在水处理领域的应用效果以及最新研究进展,并针对杂化膜研究提出了一些建议。

The preparation of organic-inorganic hybrid membranes is an important part of the membrane research. The frequent used nanoparticles were ZrO2,TiO2,Al2O3,SiO2 and GO. Three different ways are often used in preparing for the organic-inorganic matrix membranes： dispersing the inorganic particles in the polymer solution,dispersion modified nanoparticles in solutions before polymerization,and the synthesis of inorganic nanoparticles using precursors during the membrane formation and nanoparticle functionalization before polymerization. It is a promising approach to improve separation performance,physical and chemical stability,mechanical strength and anti-pollution performance of membranes. From the perspective of theory and practice,both the application and the new research progress of organic-inorganic matrix membranes in water treatment fields are illuminated. In addition,some suggestions of the organic-inorganic matrix membranes are detailed.