不同前作对紫色植烟土壤微生物数量、养分及烤烟产质量的影响

Effect of Preceding Crops on the Microbial Biomass and Nutrients in Purple Soil,and Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

为在云南楚雄紫色土烟区合理安排烤烟前作,提高烤烟产质量,在紫色植烟土壤条件下研究了白菜、大麦、蚕豆3种前作对烤烟主要农艺性状、经济性状、土壤微生物数量和土壤养分变化的影响。结果表明:不同前作对烤烟主要农艺性状和烟叶产质量的影响较为明显,前作为白菜的处理烟株株高和叶面积系数最大,产量、产值、上等烟比例、中等烟比例、均价最高,不同前作对烟叶内在化学品质的影响不大。不同前作对紫色植烟土壤中放线菌、固氮菌、解钾菌、解磷细菌、解磷真菌数量变化的影响各不相同,移栽后40 d至采烤前,蚕豆茬植烟土壤中放线菌、解钾菌、解磷细菌和解磷真菌数量均增加;白菜茬植烟土壤中放线菌、固氮菌、解磷细菌和解磷真菌有所下降,且降幅明显。不同前作对烤烟移栽前后土壤养分含量的变化影响各不相同,就有机质和速效养分含量而言,蚕豆茬表现最好。综上,楚雄紫色土烟区以蚕豆作为前作最佳。

In order to appropriately arrange the preceding crops for flue-cured tobacco production,and improve the yield and quality of tobacco in purple soil,Chuxiong,Yunnan,the effect of preceding crops,including Chinese cabbage,barley and broad beans on agronomic characteristics,economic traits,changes of soil microbial biomass and nutrients were evaluated. The results showed that： The effect of different preceding crops on the agronomic characteristics and yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco were obvious. The plant height,the leaf area coefficient,the yield per mu,the value per mu and the proportion of upper-grade tobacco leaves were highest in the preceding crop Chinese cabbage treatment. However,the effect of preceding crops on leaf chemical properties were not significant. The effect of preceding crops onthe change of the number of actinomycetes,nitrogen-fixing bacteria,potassium bacteria,phosphatesolubilizing bacteria and phosphate-solubilizing fungi were various. In vigorous growth period（ 40 d after transplanting to first priming）,the number of actinomycetes,potassium bacteria,phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and phosphate-solubilizing fungi was increased in broad beans treatment; the number of actinomycetes,nitrogen-fixing bacteria,phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and phosphate-solubilizing fungi was decreased in Chinese cabbage treatment; the worst performance was in barley treatment. The effect of different preceding crops on soil nutrient change was various,soil organic matter and available nutrients were best in broad beans treatment. To sum up,the index of soil microbial and soil nutrients was best in preceding broad beans treatment. This conclusion provides a good guide for the tobacco crop rotation system in purple soil.