河南省不同区域麦田主要杂草群落防治药剂筛选

Screening of Herbicides to Control Main Weed Communities in Different Regions of Henan Province

通过田间药效试验,探究了甲基二磺隆、异丙隆、辛酰溴苯腈、氯氟吡氧乙酸等小麦田常用除草剂及其混剂对豫东麦田节节麦及阔叶杂草、豫南稻麦轮作田看麦娘及沿黄稻麦轮作田硬草的防治效果,以期为河南省不同区域小麦田主要杂草的防治提供依据。结果表明,25%辛酰溴苯腈1 800 g/hm^2+20%氯氟吡氧乙酸900 g/hm^2对豫东麦田节节麦及阔叶杂草的总体防效最佳,达到91.98%。15%炔草酯300 g/hm^2+激健225 mL/hm^2对豫南稻麦轮作田看麦娘的防效为99.1%,效果最好。所有供试药剂在药后14 d对沿黄稻麦轮作田硬草的防效均较差;药后32 d,3%甲基二磺隆675 mL/hm^2对硬草的防效为92.8%,效果最佳;硬草对其余药剂产生了不同程度的抗药性。以阔叶杂草为主的小麦田,可选用3%甲基二磺隆450 mL/hm^2+10%唑草酮180 g/hm^2、25%辛酰溴苯腈1 800 g/hm^2+20%氯氟吡氧乙酸900 g/hm^2、25%辛酰溴苯腈1 800 g/hm^2等药剂进行防治;以节节麦为主的小麦田,可选用3%甲基二磺隆450 mL/hm^2与25%辛酰溴苯腈1 200 g/hm^2混配进行防治;以看麦娘为主的小麦田,可选用15%炔草酯300 g/hm^2或7.5%碇磺草胺135 g/hm^2并加入除草剂增效剂激健225 mL/hm^2进行防治;以硬草为主的小麦田,可选用3%甲基二磺隆675 mL/hm^2等进行防治。

To provide a basis for the main weeds control of wheat field in different regions of Henan province,this study explored the control effects of several herbicides（ mesosulfuron-methy,isoproturon,bromoxynil octanoate,fluroxypyr and so on） and their mixtures on Aegilops tauschii and broadleaf weeds in wheat field of East Henan province,Alopecurus aequalis in rice-wheat rotation field of South Henan province,and Sclerochloa dura in rice-wheat rotation field along the Yellow River of North Henan province.The result showed that,25% bromoxynil octanoate 1 800 g/ha ＋ 20% fluroxypyr 900 g/ha had the best overall control effect on Aegilops tauschii and broadleaf weeds in wheat field of East Henan province,reaching 91. 98%. 15% clodinafop-propargyl 300 g/ha ＋ Jijian 225 mL/ha had the best control effect on Alopecurus aequalis in rice-wheat rotation field of South Henan province and the fresh weight control effect was 99. 1%. All herbicide treatments had poor control effects on Sclerochloa dura in rice-wheat rotationfield along the Yellow River of North Henan province at 14 days after spraying herbicides. 3% mesosulfuron-methy 675 mL/ha had the best control effect on Sclerochloa dura and the fresh weight control effect was 92. 8% at 32 days after spraying this herbicide. Sclerochloa dura had produced resistance of different degree to other herbicides. It is effective to control weeds with 3% mesosulfuron-methy 450 mL/ha ＋ 10% carfentrazone-ethyl 180 g/ha,25% bromoxynil octanoate 1 800 g/ha ＋ 20% fluroxypyr 900 g/ha,or 25% bromoxynil octanoate 1 800 g/ha in wheat field dominated by broadleaf weeds. It is effective to control weeds with 3% mesosulfuron-methy 450 mL/ha ＋ 25% bromoxynil octanoate 1 200 g/ha in wheat field dominated by Aegilops tauschii. It is effective to control weeds with 15% clodinafop-propargyl 300 g/ha or 7. 5% pyroxsulam 135 g/ha mixed with Jijian 225 mL/ha in wheat field dominated by Alopecurus aequalis. It is effective to control weeds with 3% mesosulfuron-methy 675 mL/ha in wheat field dominated by Sclerochloa dura.