水土保持功能型植物保水保土效应分析与评价——以伊犁地区公路建设为例

Analysis and Assessment on Soil and Water Conservation Effect of Several Leguminous Plants——Taking Highway Construction in Yili Area as an Example

[目的]筛选伊犁地区公路建设中保水保土效应较好的植物。[方法]以裸露边坡为对照,研究了细茎冰草、高羊茅、披碱草、红豆草、紫花苜蓿、柠条、紫穗槐7种植物在路基边坡覆土种植后的保水保土效应。[结果]7种植物在不同配置、不同覆土厚度和不同禾豆比例下的保水保土效果存在显著差异。通过差异分析和土壤侵蚀模数对比,发现紫花苜蓿、红豆草具有较好的水土保持效果,对新疆伊犁地区公路工程边坡绿化适应性强。[结论]最佳保水保土效应的植物配置为细茎冰草、高羊茅、披碱草、紫花苜蓿、红豆草、柠条;覆土厚度10 cm时无论何种配置下的保水保土效应表现都为最佳。

[Objective]To screen plants with better water and soil conservation effects in highway construction in Yili. [Method]Taking bare slope as control,the soil and water conservation effect of Agropyron cristatum,Festuca elata,Elymus dahuricus,Onobrychis viciifolia,Medicago sativa,Caragana korshinskii,Amorpha fruticosa seven leguminous herbs that were planted on roadbed slope was analyzed and assessed.[Result]The results showed that there were significant differences in soil and water conversation effect of seven leguminous herbs. By variance analysis of erosion modulus,it was conclued that alfalfa and sainfoin had the best effectiveness of soil and water conversation and growth adaptability on subgrade slope. [Conclusion]The optimum plant allocation of water and soil conservation effect was Agropyron cristatum,Festuca elata,Elymus dahuricus,Onobrychis viciifolia,Medicago sativa,Caragana korshinskii,Amorpha fruticosa; soil thickness of 10 cm regardless of the configuration of the water and soil conservation effect was the best.