不同浓度沼液对油茶生长和经济性状的影响

Effects of Different Concentrations of Biogas Slurry Fertilization on Growth and Economic Characters of Camellia oleifera

为探索沼液在油茶林中的应用方法,实现废弃资源高效循环利用和油茶绿色生态经营。本研究设置了20%、40%、60%、80%、100%稀释浓度梯度进行沼液施用试验,通过测定株高、地径、冠幅和油茶产量及果实性状等指标,分析沼液浓度对油茶生长和经济性状的影响。结果表明:施用沼液对油茶株高、地径、冠幅有极显著的促进作用,并能显著增加油茶产量和单果质量,对油茶果实含水率、出籽率、出仁率、出油率等经济性状也有极显著影响,且区组间存在极显著差异,区组与沼液浓度间存在极显著交互作用。随着沼液稀释浓度的增加,油茶树体株高、地径增幅和干出仁率、种仁出油率、干籽出油率以及鲜果出油率均随之增加,A-2处理达到最大值。冠幅增幅也随沼液施用浓度增加而显著增加,A-4处理达到最大值。沼液浓度对单果质量、鲜出籽率和干出籽率均产生显著影响,随沼液浓度增加无明显规律。鲜籽含水率呈先下降后上升的趋势;仅就产量而言,以沼液浓度A-2和A-3处理最优。对生长和果实经济性状指标进行主成分分析可知,对油茶生长和果实经济性状最有利的沼液浓度处理是A-2处理,其次为A-3处理。因此,从节约肥料和寻求最佳肥效2个方面考虑,油茶林中施用沼液浓度以40%为宜。

To explore the application of biogas slurry in forest, efficient waste resource recycling, and green ecological management of Camellia oleifera, different diluted concentrations （20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100%） of biogas slurry were applied. Plant height, ground diameter, crown, yield and fruit quality index were measured to examine effects of biogas slurry concentrations on C. oleifera growth and fruit economic characters. Positive effects were observed by application of biogas slurry on C. oleifera plant height, ground diameter, crown breadth, yield, and single fruit weight, seed yield, kernel water content. In addition, significant differences among blocks, interactions between block and biogas slurry concentration were also observed. With the increase of concentration of biogas slurry dilution, C. oleifera height, ground diameter and dry kernel, seeds yield efficiency, dry seed yield efficiency and fresh fruit yield efficiency are increased. Meanwhile, A-2 reached maximum value. The crown growth was also significantly increased by biogas slurry concentrations, A-4 treatment achieved maximum value. Biogas slurry concentrations significantly impacted fruit weight, fresh dry out of the seed yield and seed rate. The fresh seed water content decreased and increased with treatment levels. In terms of production, A-2 and A-3 treatments could obtain the maximum value. Using growth and fruit economic indicators for principal component analysis, the results showed that the most advantageous biogas slurry concentration treatment is A-2, followed by A-3. To obtain the best fertilization management, application of biogas slurry concentration of 40% could be considered in practice.