江西南昌梅岭景区蜘蛛多样性的比较研究

A Comparative Study on Spider Diversities in the Meiling Scenic Areas of Nanchang City

梅岭景区位于江西中部的南昌市西侧和鄱阳湖西南角。本次对江西南昌市梅岭景区的梅岭主峰(A)、洪崖丹井(B)、市植物园(C)、狮子峰(D)、国家森林公园(E)和方志敏陵园(F)蜘蛛资源及区系分布进行调查,共采得蜘蛛标本784份,经分类鉴定得知:它们分别隶属27科91属139种,其中有江西新记录种17种,未确定种39种,1个雄性新发现。蜘蛛群落组成的比较分析表明:科数多少依次为D=E=F>A>B>C,属数多少依次为D>F>B>E>A>C,种数多少依次为D>F>B>E=A>C,个体数多少依次为E>D>B>F>A>C。蜘蛛多样性的比较分析表明:丰富度指数M大小依次为C>A>F>B>D>E,优势度指数H′大小依次为D>F>A>B>C>E,多样性指数D大小依次为E>B>C>A>D>F,均匀度指数J为F>A>D>C>B>E。蜘蛛群落结构多样性的分析表明,丰富度指数M大小依次为:LNT>SCT>UCT>HNT>LWT>GWT>BNT;优势度指数d依次为:SCT>UCT>BNT>LWT>LNT>HNT>GWT;多样性指数D依次为:SCT>UCT>BNT>LWT>HNT>LNT>GWT;均匀度指数J依次为:BNT>GWT>LWT>HNT>UCT>SCT>LNT。蜘蛛捕食功能多样性分析表明,丰富度指数M大小依次为:HEP>MYP>HYP>EUP>HOP>COP>DIP>LEP>ORP>OLP;优势度指数d依次为:HEP>ORP>COP>DIP>EUP>HYP>LEP>MYP>HOP>OLP;多样性指数D依次为:HEP>ORP>COP>EUP>DIP>HYP>LEP>HOP>OLP>MYP;均匀度指数J依次为:OLP>ORP>LEP>EUP>COP>HOP>DIP>HYP>MYP>HEP。蜘蛛群落相似度的聚类分析表明:景点间相似度高低依次为:A-B=F-D-C-E。总之,江西南昌梅岭景区蜘蛛类型以农林和人居区常见种类为主,具多种区域特色蜘蛛。这与该山域绵延开阔、东北向鄱湖水气条件充分、温湿度适宜、植被类型多样、昆虫相复杂及人为干扰频繁等密切相关。

This survey was done on the spider resources and fauna distribution in the Meiling Peak （A） , the Dan Well of Hung Cliff （B） , the Botanical Garden of City （C） , the Lion Peak （D） , the National Forest Park （E） and the Fang Zhimin Cemetery （F） in the Meiling Scenic Areas located in the west of Nanchang Cityand the southwest comer of the Poyang Lake, and 784 copies of spider specimenshad been obtained. After the classification and the identification, they were attached to 27 families, 91 generas and 139 species, of which 17 species were new records of Jiangxi, 39 species were undetermined and 1 new discovery of male. A comparative analysis of the spider community composition showed that the number of families were D=E=F〉A〉B〉C, the number of genera were D〉F〉B〉E〉A〉C, the number of species were D〉F〉B〉E=A〉C, and the individual numbers were E〉D〉B〉F〉A〉C. A comparative analysis of the spider diversity showed that the size order of the richness index M was C〉A〉F〉B〉D〉E, the dominance index H＇ was D〉F〉A〉B〉C〉E, the diversity index D was E〉B〉C〉A〉D〉F, and the evenness index J was F〉A〉D〉C〉B〉E.The spider community structure diversity analysis showed that the size order of the species richness index M was LNT〉SCT〉UCT〉 HNT〉LWT〉GWT〉BNT, the dominance index d was SCT〉UCT〉BNT〉LWT〉LNT〉HNT〉GWT, the diversity index D was SCT〉UCT〉BNT〉LWT〉HNT〉LNT〉GWT, and the evenness index J was BNT〉GWT〉LWT〉 HNT〉UCT〉SCT〉LNT.The spider predation function diversity analysis showed that the size order of the species richness index M was HEP〉MYP〉HYP〉EUP〉HOP〉COP〉DIP〉LEP〉ORP〉OLP, the dominance index d was HEP〉ORP〉COP〉DIP〉EUP〉HYP〉LEP〉MYP〉HOP〉OLP, the diversity index D was HEP〉 ORP〉COP〉EUP〉DIP〉HYP〉LEP〉HOP〉OLP〉MYP, and the evenness index J was OLP〉ORP〉LEP〉EUP〉 COP〉HOP〉DIP〉HYP〉MYP〉HEP.A cluster analysis of its spider community showed that the similarities＇ size order between these scenic spots was A-B=F-D-C-E.In short, the spider types in the Meiling Scenic Areas of Nanchang City had been dominated by some common species of agricultural and residential districts, with multiple regional characteristic spider species.This was closely related to its stretching open mountain domain, sufficient water condition from the Poyang Lake, appropriate temperature and humidity, diverse vegetation types, complex insect groups, and frequent human disturbance, etc.