退五经升四书运动的发展历程述略

The Development Course of the Movement of the Four Books' Elevation to Canonical Status

唐宋之际,学术史上掀起了一场退五经升四书运动,在儒学史与经学史上意义重大,影响至远。《论语》《孟子》《大学》《中庸》大致都历经了超子入经、由传升经的升格过程。在此过程中,主要有两股推动力量:一是士大夫的提倡与宣扬,这是四书升格过程中前提与导向性的力量;二是王权的推动,既包括皇帝直接参与的如注书、加封或诏命校订、颁行官方经典文本的行为,也包括统治者将四书文本作为科举考试的必考科目等举动,这是四书升格过程中的决定性力量。以此为基础,退五经升四书运动得以顺利完成。

There was a movement of the Four Books＇ elevation to canonical status which had a great influence during Tang and Song. The Analects, Mencius, The Great Learning and The Doctrine of the Mean experienced the process from the category of Philosophy and the Biography to Confucian Classics. There were two main driving forces during this process. One was the promotion of literati, and the other was the promotion of royal power. The former was the premise, and the latter was the fundamental. Furthermore ,the movement of the Four Books＇ elevation to canonical status had been successfully completed.