云南东部稻区白背飞虱种群增殖影响因子分析

Analysis of the factors impacting on population proliferation of white-backed planthopper(Sogatella furcifera)in rice areas of eastern Yunnan

为探讨云南省东部稻区白背飞虱种群增殖的主要影响因子,采用正交试验分析了盆栽笼罩条件下白背飞虱种群在虫口密度、接虫时期和水稻品种不同组合条件下增殖倍数。结果表明:(1)接虫时期、接虫密度、品种对白背飞虱种群增殖倍数有极显著的影响,影响作用大小为:接虫时期(F=23.1,P<0.001)>接虫密度(F=12.8,P<0.001)>品种(F=5.6,P=0.003);移栽期、拔节期、孕穗期和抽穗期接虫的种群增殖倍数分别为30.1、16.4、8.1和1.3倍,移栽期接虫的种群增殖倍数最高,与拔节期、抽穗期、孕穗期接虫差异极显著(P<0.01);5、10、20和40对/丛等4个接虫密度的种群增殖倍数分别为22.1、21.7、7.2、4.9倍,以5对/丛接虫密度的种群增殖倍数最高,与10对/丛处理间差异不显著(P>0.05),与20、40对/丛处理间差异极显著(P<0.01);品种‘丰优香占’、‘红优7号’、‘云恢290’和‘明两优527’上的种群增殖倍数分别为21.6、15.9、10.8和7.7倍,以‘丰优香占’的种群密度最高,与‘红优7号’间差异不显著(P>0.05),与‘云恢290’、‘明两优527’处理间差异极显著(P<0.01)。(2)对接虫量、苗龄、田间均温和田间均湿等因素进行多元回归分析,在品种‘红优7号’上,种群增殖模型回归方程为Y=-67.05+1.76 X_1-1.36 X_2+3.70 X_3+0.03 X_4(Y为增殖倍数、X_1为接虫量、X_2为苗龄、X_3为平均气温、X_4为平均湿度,下同)。‘丰优香占’品种的回归方程为Y=-91.65-0.16 X_1-0.38 X_2+3.39 X_3+0.41 X_4。‘云恢290’品种的回归方程为Y=-59.79+0.23 X_1-0.12 X_2+2.28 X_3+0.10 X_4。‘明两优527’品种的回归方程为Y=-8.81+0.27 X_1-0.15 X_2+0.92 X_3+0.01 X_4。在水稻移栽期接虫,接虫密度为5对/丛,品种为‘红优7号’时,白背飞虱的种群增殖倍数为43.3。本研究表明在移栽期至拔节期,较低的成虫密度往往能导致较大的种群增殖。

To find out the main factors affecting population proliferation of the white-backed planthopper（WBPH）,Sogatella furciferain eastern Yunnan,an orthogonal experiment was designed in the potting covered with net to analyze the impact of population densities,insect inoculation period and rice varieties on the reproduction of S.furcifera.The results showed that：i）the insect inoculation period,population densities and rice varieties had significant impact on the population reproduction.The impact sequence from strong to weak was developmental period（F=23.1,P=0.000）,initial density（F=12.8,P=0.000）,variety（F=5.6,P=0.003）.Population multiplication during transplanting period,jointing stage,booting stage and heading stage were 30.1,16.4,8.1and1.3 times,respectively.The variance analysis showed significant differences between transplanting period and others stages（P〈0.01）.Multiplication at 4 initial densities（5 adult pairs/clump,10 adult pairs/clump,20 adult pairs/clump,40 adult pairs/clump）were 22.1,21.7,7.2 and4.9 times,respectively,and there was significant difference between the initial densities of 5 adult pairs/clump and 20 adult pairs/clump,40 adult pairs/clump（P〈0.01）.Proliferation rates of the varieties ‘Fengyouxiangzhan＇,‘Hongyou 7＇,‘Yunhui 290＇and‘Mingliangyou 527＇were 21.6,15.9,10.8 and7.7times,respectively.There was significant difference between‘Fengyouxiangzhan＇and‘Yunhui 290＇,‘Mingliangyou 527＇（P〈0.01）;ii）analysis of the relationship between proliferation rate and independent variables（pest density,seedling age,mean temperature and humidity）by the multiple regression analysis generated a regressional model of population proliferation for ‘Hongyou 7＇：Y =-67.05＋1.76 X1-1.36 X2＋3.70 X3＋0.03 X4（Y,proliferation multiples;X1,pest density;X2,seedling age;X3,temperature;X4,humidity;the same below）,a regression model for ‘Fengyouxiangzhan＇：Y =-91.65-0.16 X1-0.38 X2 ＋3.39 X3 ＋0.41 X4,apopulation proliferation model for ‘Yunhui 290＇：Y =-59.79＋0.23 X1-0.12 X2＋2.28 X3＋0.10 X4,and a population proliferation model for‘Mingliangyou527＇：Y=-8.81＋0.27 X1-0.15 X2＋0.92 X3＋0.01 X4.Population multiplication of S.furcifera was 43.3 times during rice transplanting period,at 5/clump pest density for‘Hongyou7＇.The results indicated that,from the transplanting stage to jointing stage,a lower immigration density of white-backed planthopper could result in a larger population proliferation.