稀土综合利用新途径探究——华沙大学锡矿尾矿试验的启示

New Approach to the Comprehensive Utilization of Rare Earth-the Revelation of the Tin Mine Tailings Test at the university of Warsaw

矿产资源节约综合利用是世界各国关注重点,也是我国十三五规划中关注着力点。近年来我国稀土资源开发中的资源、环境、生态压力巨大,资源储量大为减少,为保证我国稀土资源的优势地位和国际稀土市场的主动权,需要探索创新性的资源开发利用方式。波兰华沙大学与PT(葡萄牙)布来邦加勘探公司合作开展了一项印尼锡矿尾矿试验,该项研究表明印尼锡矿尾矿中有稀土资源综合利用的潜能,该项试验预估出印尼邦加岛锡矿生产中每年可至少加工出10,000 t包含稀土元素的金属(包含轻稀土独居石和重稀土磷钇矿)。我们可以借鉴试验的思路和方法解决我国矿产资源多途径综合利用中的问题,实现尾矿中稀土资源找矿突破、尾矿中稀土资源的利用技术突破,创新非绿色壁垒出口限制措施,化解资源开发的环境负外部性,优化矿区环境治理。

The whole world is focus on saving and comprehensive utilization of mineral resources. Also our country is paying great attention to saving and comprehensive utilization in mineral resources in the next five years develo- ping planning. Recently, there are a lot of pressures on resources, environment and ecology in the development of rare earth resources in China co-instant in the sharp reserves declinations. So as to guarantee the dominance of rare earth resources in our country and the initiatives in the international market we need to explore innovative ways to u- tilize and develop rare earth resources. Warsaw University （Poland） and the PT Bumi Bangka Makmur exploring company cooperatively conducted a research on Indonesian tin tailings. The study indicates that the tailings in Bang- ka Indonesian tin has the potential of rare earth resources comprehensive utilization. This research estimates that at least 10000 tons metal which contains rare earth elements （including light rare earth resources monazites and heavy rare earth resources yttrium phosphor minerals） can be produced one year in the Indonesian. We can reference the ideas and methods to solve the problems in comprehensive utilization of mineral resources in our country, to realize a breakthrough in prospecting rare earths elements from the tailings and a breakthrough in tailings utilization tech- nology and innovation a green barrier export restrictions. Also we can find ways to dissolve negative externalities in the resources development and optimize the environmental management of minin- areas.