西洋参种植年限不同的土壤与不同环境土壤理化性质的差异

Difference of the Soil Physicochemical Properties between Land Blocks of Different Replanting Years of American Ginseng and between Plots of Different Site Conditions

2014年8月6日,在穆陵林业局共和经营所,选取种植西洋参生长1~4 a的参床土壤,分析西洋参种植年限对土壤理化性质的影响;选取次生柞林地、2013年种植大豆的农田地、2013年种植西葫芦的农田地、2010年种植西洋参的农田地(2013年收获的西洋参前茬地),测定土壤理化性质,对比分析4种土壤理化性质与西洋参种植年限不同的土壤理化性质的差异。结果表明:随种植时间延长,对参地土壤理化性质影响变大;土壤含水量、速效N、p H与种植年限极显著相关(P<0.01),土壤孔隙度与种植年限显著相关(P<0.05)。土壤中微量元素分析显示,林地土壤中微量元素质量分数,均明显高于种植西洋参的土壤;每种微量元素在连作西洋参土壤中,都呈现逐年减少的特征;西洋参种植1 a和种植4 a,土壤中各微量元素质量分数变化明显。不同前茬作物的土壤理化性质分析显示,4种不同前茬作物土壤之间,含水量极显著相关(P<0.01),p H、速效N显著相关(P<0.05)。

The experiment was conducted to study the effect of planting years of American ginseng on the physieoehemical prop- erties of soil, blocks of different planting years of 1-4 a at Gonghe Forest Farm of Muling Forestry Bureau area as test plots. The soil physicochemical properties were tested in four types of blocks including secondary oak forest land, land of planting soybean last year, land of planting cueurbita pepo and harvesting American ginseng last year. The difference of the soil physieochemical properties between four types of land blocks and the blocks of planting American ginseng for different years were analyzed. The effect of planting American ginseng on land block became grater gradually with the increasing of planting years. The moisture content and available N of blocks are very significantly correlated with planting years （ P〈 0.01）. The soil PH and soil density of tested blocks were significantly correlated with planting years（P〈0.05）. The con- tents of microelements of forest land were significantly higher than those of lands of planting American Ginseng. The content of every microelement tested become littler annually at land of planting American ginseng. The difference of the content of every microelement was tested between the land which planting American Ginseng for 1 a and the land which planting Amer- ican ginseng for 4 a. The result on differences of soil physieoehemical properties between different four types of land that planting different crops as fore-rotating crop shows that the moisture content is very significantly correlated（P〈0.01 ）, and the soil PH and the available N are significantly correlated with four different types of land.