谈汤显祖两组“亡蘧”诗

On Two Groups of Elegiac Poems Written by Tang Xian-zu

汤显祖的戏曲家身份为后人津津乐道,而其诗人身份却淹没不彰,较少为人注意。而事实上,汤显祖的诗歌在创作数量和艺术成就两方面皆颇为可观。汤显祖现存诗歌中,有两组悼亡长子汤士蘧的诗歌比较独特,体现了哀恸忏悔的悲情父亲形象。这两组悼亡诗从内容上大致可分为三类:惋惜哀恸类、回忆纪实类以及寻求解脱类。从诗歌的艺术特色来看,这两组诗歌在叙事中抒发自己强烈的情感;同时运用用典、比喻和对比的修辞手法,这些修辞的使用指向诗人对长子英年早逝,才华未显的悲痛与惋惜,从中体现了汤显祖内心的忏悔意识。

Tang Xianzu, as a dramatist in Ming dynasty, is known to almost all the people; however, his poet i- dentity is not obvious enough to be paid attention to. As the matter of fact, Tang Xianzu＇ s poetry is quite impres- sive in two aspects ： quantity of creation and artistic achievement. In his existing poetry, two groups of poetry are unique, which expressed his sorrow and penitence for his dead child named Tang Shiqu and reflected a tragic fa- ther image. The two groups of elegiac poems can be divided into three categories from the content： sorrow, memo- ry and seeking extrication. From the artistic features of poetry, the two groups of poems expressed his strong emo- tions by narration and rhetoric. By the use of allusion, metaphor and contrast, Tang Xianzu＇ s sorrow and peni- tence for his eldest son＇ s early death was reflected and so was his confession consciousness.