机械裂纹无损检测方法综述

Overview of NDT methods for mechanical cracks

针对机械裂纹扩展以及检测的问题,对常用的裂纹无损检测方法进行了叙述,具体介绍了磁粉检测和渗透检测技术的发展现状。对近年来新兴的激光超声检测技术、电磁超声检测技术、超声红外热成像检测技术、脉冲涡流及涡流阵列检测技术的特点、作用原理进行了详细的说明,对比了相对传统检测技术的优势,对各新型无损检测技术的发展方向进行了总结分析。研究结果表明:未来新型裂纹无损检测方法的发展趋势将由人工向智能化、全自动化、图像化检测发展,复合模式检测在新技术中的应用愈加广泛,检测仪器设备的发展以降低能耗和提高信噪比为主,新型裂纹无损检测技术在特殊工程领域的应用将更加专业化。

Aiming at the problem of mechanical crack propagation and testing, the commonly used crack nondestructive testing（NDT） methods were narrated, in detail, the current situation of the development of magnetic particle testing（MT） and penetration testing（PT） technology was introduced. The characteristics, action principle of several NDT methods emerged in recent years were detailed described, especially in the laser ultrasonic testing technology, electromagnetic acoustic testing technology（EMAT）, ultrasonic infrared thermography testing technology, pulsed eddy current（PEC） and eddy current array（ECA） testing technology. The advantages opposite to the traditional testing technology were compared, and the future development trend of the new crack testing methods was prospected. The results indicate that, there will be developed from artificial to intelligent, automated and visualized, and the composite pattern testing will be more widely used in the new NDT methods. The development of testing instruments will take reducing energy consumption and improving the noise-signal ratio as the principal. The application of new crack NDT methods will be more professional in special fields of engineering.