潍坊市空气污染对小学生呼吸系统疾病及相关症状的影响

Air Pollution Influence on Symptoms and Respiratory System Diseases in Pupils in Weifang City

目的了解空气污染对小学生呼吸系统疾病的影响,指导小学生进行合理锻炼,保护小学生身体健康,为大气污染对健康危害的防治提供依据。方法 2015年1月采用抽签的方法,在潍坊市城区和郊区各抽取3所小学,采用整群抽样的方法对3 800名在校小学生进行问卷调查。同时收集城郊地区PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)、SO_2、NO_2、CO、O_36种污染物的监测数据。采用方差分析、χ~2检验及Logistic回归等方法分析不同地区空气污染对小学生呼吸系统疾病的影响。结果郊区PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)及O_3的日均浓度大于城区,SO_2、NO_2、CO的日均浓度低于城区,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。一月份郊区学生普通感冒、咽炎、扁桃体炎、鼻炎等呼吸系统疾病的患病率均高于城区学生(χ~2值分别为24.839、4.094、13.097、5.640),且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。咳嗽的发生率最高(10.41%),其次是鼻腔流鼻涕(5.29%),咽痛(4.07%)和咳痰(3.24%)的发生率居于第三、四位。经Logistic回归分析,学校位置是影响普通感冒、扁桃体炎、鼻炎的最主要危险因素(OR值分别为2.829、3.609、4.062,P<0.05)。结论潍坊市空气污染其中以郊区PM_(10)及O_3对呼吸系统疾病和症状影响最大。学校和家长应注重引导小学生养成良好的防护习惯,为小学生的室外活动创造良好的环境。

Objective To understand the health effect of air pollution on respiratory system of children,reasonably guide pupils to take exercise and protect the physical health of primary school students in Weifang,and to provide the basis for control and prevention the harmful effects from atmospheric pollution to health. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 3 800 children in the age of 8 ~ 12 years from six primary schools drawn by cluster sampling（ three in downtown and three in suburban area） in January 2015. The monitoring data of PM_（10）,PM_（2.5）,SO_2,NO_2,CO and O_3 in the city area and outskirts were collected. The influence of air pollution on respiratory system diseases was analyzed by using the analysis of variance,chi square test and logistic regression analysis. Results The concentration of PM_（10）,PM_（2.5） and O_3 in outskirts were higher than those in the city area,but the concentration of SO_2,NO_2 and CO in outskirts were lower than those in the city area（ P 0. 05）. The prevalence rates of common cold,pharyngitis,tonsillitis and nasitis of children in outskirts in January were higher than those in the city area（ χ~2= 24. 839,4. 094,13. 097 and 5. 640,respectively. P 0. 05）. The prevalence of symptoms was cough（ 10. 41%）,rhinorrhea（ 5. 29%）,pharyngalgia（ 4. 07%） and expectoration（ 3. 24%）. The logistic regression analysis revealed that the location of school was the main hazard for common cold,amygdalitis and nasitis（ OR = 2. 829,3. 609 and 4. 062,respectively,P 0. 05）. Conclusions The largest affects of air pollution on respiratory diseases and symptoms in the suburb of Weifang were PM_（10） and O_3. More attention should be paid by school teachers and parents to create a good environment for primary school students and guide them keeping good protective habits and outdoor physical activities.