滴灌系统压差式施肥罐施肥性能研究

Study on Fertilization Performance of Drip Irrigation System with Pressure Differential Tank

压差式施肥罐是使用最为广泛的一种施肥设备,由于其出口浓度随压力和施肥量等因素而变化,直接影响施肥质量和系统运行的稳定性。通过控制不同施肥量和压差条件,对施肥罐出肥口的肥料浓度随时间的变化过程进行了试验研究,施肥量采用1.0、1.5、2.0 kg三个水平,施肥罐作用压差采用0.03、0.06、0.09、0.12、0.15 MPa五个水平。结果表明:通过施肥罐出口的流量随施肥罐作用压差呈幂函数关系增大;施肥罐出口肥液浓度随时间减小,施肥过程的前10 min浓度降低最为明显,20 min后趋于稳定。每次装入的施肥量的适宜范围为1.0~2.0 kg,过量时会造成施肥总历时过长且部分肥料在施肥结束时仍不能溶解。施肥历时的主要影响因素包括施肥量和作用压差,施肥历时与施肥量、压差呈幂函数关系。

Pressure differential tank is the most widely used fertilizer equipment. Its export concentration varies with the factors such as pressure and fertilizer amount, which has a direct impact on the fertilization quality and system operation stability. In this paper, through controlling different fertilization and pressure conditions, the experiment was carried out at the outlet of the fertilization tank. The fertilizers amounts of 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 kg were used, and the pressure differentials changed from 0.03 to 0.15 MPa with an incremental interval of 0.03 MPa. The results show that the flow rate at the outlet of the fertilizer tank increases exponentially with the pressure difference of the fertilizer tank. The concentration of fertilizer solution decreases with the time, which decreases significantly in the first 10 min and becomes stable after 20 min. The appropriate one-time fertilizer amount is in the range of 1.0 to 2.0 kg, excessive amount will result in that the total fertilization lasts too long time and part of the fertilizer still can not be dissolved even at the end of the fertilization. The main factors affecting the fertilization time include the fertilizer amount and the pressure difference. The fertilization time has a power function relationship with the fertilizer amount and the pressure difference.