功利主义对快乐计算问题的回应

Response to the Problem of Happy Calculation by Utilitarianism

快乐的计算问题是功利主义的核心问题,这一问题正式形成于边沁那里。边沁提出了一个比较复杂的快乐计算方法,这一方法在当时受到很多人的关注和批评,快乐的计算问题由此正式形成。后世的密尔、斯马特、布兰特、阿玛蒂亚森等人都试图去解决这一问题,并取得了不同的成效,其中阿玛蒂亚森的解决是比较成功的,但未能彻底解决这一问题。不过这并不妨碍功利主义成为一种"伟大的思想",而且在人类思想史上也不存在"完美无缺的理论"。

The problem of happy calculation is the core problem of utilitarianism, which is formally formed by Bentham. Bentham proposed a more complicated method of happiness calculation which received many people＇s attention and criticism at that time, which gives rise to the formal formation of happy calculation. Some people later try to solve this problem, and obtain different results like Mill, Smart, Brant, Amartya Sen, etc., and among whom, Arnartya Sen＇ solution is more successful, but still fails to completely solve the problem. However, this does not prevent utilitarianism from being a ＂great idea＂ and there is no ＂perfect theory＂ in the history of human thoughts.