城市道路与公共交通关系探微——近代南京的个案分析

Study of Urban Road and Public Transportation in Nanjing From 1894 to 1937

史实证明,城市道路对公共交通的影响至深至巨。自1894年江宁马路肇建,南京城市道路的近代化正式肇端,公共交通也由此滥觞。然不可否认的是,真正促进公共交通系统日益完善和交通工具日增月长的主要动因,仍是1927年国民政府定都南京后"首都"当局对城市道路系统的拓展、道路经费的挹注、道路的改良及养护等。经过抗战前当局的不懈努力,城市道路建设与公共交通系统互为依存,共同发展,最终促进了南京城市近代化进程的庚续演变。

It is a general truth that urban roads have a profound impact on public transportation. The modernization of urban roads in Nanjing started from the construction of Jiangning Road in 1894, which also marked the beginning of its public transportation. But the real drive for the betterment of public transportation facilities and the continual growth of vehicles was the high attention on the part of the municipal government paid to road expansion, road funds raising, road improvement and maintenance since 1927 when Nanjing was made the capital by the National Government. Owing to the unremitting governmental effort to the construction of Nanjing urban road and its public transportation system before the Anti-Japanese War, the modernization of Nanjing city was considerably promoted.