高技术产业技术创新效率的阶段性特征及其动态演变

The Periodical Characteristics of Technological Innovation Efficiency in High-tech Industries and Its Dynamic Evolution

创新活动过程的不同阶段具有不同特征,本文从价值链的角度构建规模报酬可变情形下的技术创新三阶段DEA模型,测度中国30个省市1998-2010年间高技术产业技术创新的三阶段效率,并实证检验三阶段创新效率的影响因素。研究表明:中国高技术产业的技术创新效率存在显著的区域发展不平衡,各地区的创新效率大致呈"多V"型的动态发展趋势;创新三阶段效率多为低基础性创新效率、低应用性创新效率、低收益性创新效率型;信息技术发展、企业自主创新对三个阶段的创新效率都有显著的正向影响,而金融支持、政府科技支持与企业规模对不同阶段的创新效率具有不同的影响。细化技术创新活动的研究利于真实地拟合高新技术产业研发创新过程,合理测算各阶段的效率,发现各环节中真正的无效率部分。

Innovation activities process has different characteristics in different stages. Based on the value chain theory,this paper established a three-phase DEA model of technological innovation under variable returns to scale to measure the innovation efficiency in three phases and test their influence factors using the data of high-tech industries in 30 provinces during 1998-2010. Research shows： technological innovation efficiency in China＇s high-tech industries is obviously unbalanced among different regions and roughly presents a multi-V-shaped dynamic trend; innovation efficiency of three phases are mostly the types of low fundamental innovation,low applicable innovation and low profitable innovation; the development of information technology and independent innovation of enterprises have significantly positive influence on the innovation efficiency in all three phases,while the support of finance and government as well as the scale of enterprises have different effects in different phases. Carefully studying technological innovation activities is conducive to truly fitting up the R D innovation process of high-tech industries,reasonably calculating the efficiency of each phase,and finding the real inefficient parts of each link.