宪法基本权利视阈下读者阅览权的法律保障——以美国“教育委员会诉皮克”案件与日本富山县立美术馆案件为考察对象

Research on Legal Protection of Readers' Reading Rights under the Perspective the Basic Rights of Constitution——As the Object of the Case on “Board of Education v. Pico” in the United States and the Case on Toyama County Museum in Japan

文章就美国"教育委员会诉皮克"案件与日本富山县立美术馆案件为考察对象,分别根据美国与日本教育行政主管部门制定的《公共图书馆运行管理办法》的规定,评析读者阅览权的法律保障。这些观点对我国的借鉴意义在于,文化行政主管机关对图书馆的不合理干预,不仅制约读者的阅览权,而且限制读者的思想自由权与表达自由权的实现。除非文化行政主管机关作出具体行政行为时具有合宪性依据,否则应视为侵害宪法规定的公众基本权利。

The paper research on the case on “Board of Education v. Pico” in the United States and the case on Toyama County Museum in Japan, respectively according to the “Public Library Operation Management Regulation” of the United States and Japan, analyzes the legal protection of the rights of readers. The signifcance of these views to our country lies in the unreasonable intervention by the administrative organs on culture, not only restricts the readers’ reading rights, and limits the realization of the rights of idea freedom and expression freedom. Unless the specifc administrative act to be constitutionality on the administrative organs on culture, or it shall be deemed to violate the public basic rights of the constitution.