美国中学与大学衔接培养学生的政策及执行

The Transition from High School to College and the Cultivation of Innovative Talent:Policies and Implementation in USA

中学与大学教育有机衔接是直接关系到创新人才出现和成长的重要体制性基础。美国为减少不同教育阶段之间知识脱节带来的浪费,联邦政府、各州政府及社会机构共同努力,推出系列政策及资助项目,并采取多种策略衔接中学与大学,使其标准统一、方式多元。其发展轨迹、指导思想、方式方法值得我国借鉴。此研究通过考查美国中学与大学衔接培养人才的历史和现状,耙梳其主要政策法规,探究其行之有效的特色做法,如大学及职业准备度的定义、大学录取及补救教育、大学预科学校项目、大学指导服务、预测分析系统等,以期为我国创新人才培养拓宽视角和路径。

The transition from high school to college,playing a crucial role in cultivating innovative talent,is regarded as a fundamental mechanism in education system. Federal government,states and social institutions collectively dedicate to reducing the educational waste in the transition between the two stages,and initiate a series of policies and programs.The multiple strategies adopted in the United States to ensure the smooth transition between K-12 and postsecondary education, featuring unified standards and diversified approaches, deserves our attention to study its guiding principle, development and practices. By examining the whole transition system from high school to college,sorting out related policies and regulations,and identifying its characteristic approaches including the definition of college and career readiness,Early College Programs,and Predictive Analytics System,the paper provides a new perspective and approach for China's cultivation of innovative talent.