企业环境行为的治理:主体、类型与效果

Governance of corporate environmental behavior: subject,type and effect

企业环境行为的治理是指来自国家、市场和社会的多元行动主体,通过各种正式或非正式的制度安排,管理、控制或约束企业的环境影响行为,以实现企业的环境法律责任和环境道德责任。通过对治理系统中各行动主体的分析,将治理分为七种基本类型,其中三种分别是由政府、企业和社会组织实施的单方治理,四种是由政府、企业和社会组织两者结合或三者结合所形成的共同治理。根据政府治理的强制性程度、企业治理的行动主体、社会治理的行为目标,又可以进一步划分出一些子类型。某一特定的治理类型及其子类型有可能影响到其他治理类型及其子类型,进而影响到治理效果;各种治理类型之间可以有意组合,形成治理合力;政府可以通过"元治理"对各种治理类型进行统筹安排,以发挥更好的治理效果。

The governance of corporate environmental behavior refers to that the environmental influencing behaviors of enterprises are managed,controlled or constrained through a variety of formal or informal institutional arrangements by multiple acting subjects from the state,market and society,in order to achieve the legal and moral environmental responsibility of enterprises. Through analyzing each of the acting subjects,the governance is divided into seven basic types, three of w hich are unilateral governance implemented by one of the government,the enterprises and the social organizations,and four of w hich are co-governance implemented by the combination of either tw o or three subjects of the government,the enterprises and the social organizations. According to the mandatory degree of government governance,the acting subjects of corporate governance,and the behavior objective of social governance,the governance can be further divided into some subtypes. A particular type of governance and its subtypes may affect other types of governance and their subtypes,w hich in turn may affect the effectiveness of governance. Various types of governance can be deliberately combined to form a resultant force of governance. The government can co-ordinate various types of governance through＂meta-governance＂in order to achieve better effect of governance.