高能电子对地球同步轨道卫星的影响分析

Influence of High Energy Electrons on Geosynchronous Orbit Satellites

为了厘清在轨GEO(Geosynchronous Earth Orbit,地球同步轨道)卫星不时出现异常的原因,提高卫星执行任务的可靠性,首先从机理上介绍了空间环境中的地球辐射带及高能电子的情况,引出GEO卫星所处恶劣空间环境的现实;其次基于我国SEPC(Space Environment Prediction Center,国家空间环境预报中心)以及NSMC(National Satellite Meteorological Center,国家卫星气象中心)的空间环境月报资料,结合某GEO环境业务卫星故障的实际数据,经统计归纳,分析得出了地球辐射带中的高能电子是导致GEO卫星发生故障的主要原因;最后按照事例技术分析、常规按需预报和特殊情况下的实时预报等3个层次对高能电子预报方法进行了初步探讨。通过分析可以看出,为提高卫星完成任务的可靠性、降低长期管理风险,需要加强GEO卫星所处空间环境高能电子的预报工作。

To find out reasons of anomalies of Geosynchronous Earth Orbit（GEO）satellites and to improve the reliability of the satellites,this paper introduces the mechanism of earth radiation belts and energetic particles and discusses the adverse space environment for GEO satellites.Then,based on the monthly space environment data from the Chinese Academy of Sciences for Space Environment Prediction Center（SEPC）and National Satellite Meteorological Center（NSMC）,combined with the fault data from a satellite and statistical analysis,the authors come up with the conclusion that high energy electrons in the earth radiation belts is a major cause of faults of GEO satellites.Next,high energy electron is discussed prediction technology based on theoretical analysis,conventional prediction and special prediction.To enhance the accuracy of satellite fault prediction and the ability of space situation awareness,and to reduce risks in long-term management and personnel pressure,it＇s necessary to strengthen realtime prediction of high energy electrons for GEO satellites.