缓冲器分段阻抗特性对重载列车纵向冲动的影响

Influence of Segment Impedance Characteristics of Draft Gear on Longitudinal Impulse of Heavy Haul Train

重载列车过大的纵向冲动,成为制约重载列车发展的瓶颈。使用列车空气制动与纵向动力学联合仿真系统,以摩擦式缓冲器为研究对象,根据缓冲器运动机理,构建缓冲器阻抗力与压缩行程变化的非线性模型。分别研究缓冲器初压力和缓冲器不同行程区段上阻抗特性变化对重载万吨列车在运行工况下纵向冲动的影响规律。仿真结果表明:适当提高缓冲器初压力和缩短过渡段的压缩行程或增大过渡段区间首尾阻抗力差,能减小重载列车车钩力最大值,但会使加速度变大;减小缓冲器稳定区段的阻抗值,能有效减小列车车钩力和加速度,降低列车的纵向冲动。在有无牵引杆两种条件下缓冲器各区段阻抗特性变化对列车纵向冲动的影响规律基本相同。可为缓冲器的阻抗特性设计提供理论依据。

Excessive longitudinal impulse is the bottleneck restricting the development of heavy haul trains. The integrated simulation system of air brake and longitudinal dynamics of the train was used to build a nonlinear model for the variation of draft gear impedance and draft gear travel, based on the motion mechanism of spring frictional draft gear. The influences of the mounting preload of the draft gear and the variation of impedance characteristics of different travel segments of the draft gear on the longitudinal impulse of the heavy haul train were studied. The simulation results indicate that proper increase of the mounting preload of the draft gear and shortening of the draft gear travel in the interim segment or increase of this segment impedance difference can decrease the maximum value of the coupler force of the heavy haul train and increase the acceleration. Reducing the impedance value of draft gear performance in slowly changing segment can effectively reduce the coupler force and acceleration of the train and acceleration and will ease the trair/s longitudinal impulse. With or with-out the use of the draw bar, the influences of the variation of the impedance characteristics of the draft gear in different segments on the longitudinal impulse of the heavy haul train are basically the same. This work pro-vides theoretical basis for the impedance characteristic design of draft gear.