杜亚泉对国民性的省思及其价值

Du Yaquan's Reflection on National Character and Its Value

杜亚泉对中国的国民性具有许多独到的见解。杜亚泉认为中国的国民性中既有"素乏独立之精神""素乏国家观念""常注重于现在之事实""涣如散沙""以享福为人生之目的"、深陷"利欲与义气"的弱点,也有勤俭耐劳、爱好和平与度量宽容的优点。杜亚泉提出了包括"减政主义"、改革家庭、改革教育、发展哲学与改革文学、个人自改革等改造国民性的方案。杜亚泉对中国国民性的反省与思考有助于我们更加全面深入地认识中国的国民性,为我们重新审视中国近代国民性改造思潮、中国近代启蒙运动提供了一个新的视角,并对当今中国的现代化建设具有可资借鉴的价值。

Du Yaquan has many original opinions on the national character of China. Du Yaquan believes that the national character of China has both the disadvantages of＂lack of independent spirit＂,＂lack of national attitudes＂,＂paying much attention to the present facts＂,＂as loose as sand＂,＂regarding living in ease and comfort as the goal of life＂,being deep in ＂cupidity and personal loyalty＂and the advantages of diligence and thrift,loving peace and tolerance. Du Yaquan put forward proposals to reform the national character,including＂reducing politics＂,reforming families,reforming education,developing philosophy and reforming literature,and reforming individuals. Du Yaquan＇s introspection and reflection on China＇s national nature will help us to understand our national character more comprehensively and deeply,and provide us with a new angle of view of reexamining the trend of national nature reform and the enlightenment campaign in modern China. It also has reference value to China＇s modernization drive.