海底地形测量技术现状及发展趋势

Status and Development Tendency for Seafloor Terrain Measurement Technology

简要回顾了海底地形测量技术的发展历史;详细介绍了船基声呐、机载激光、海岸带一体化测量海底地形技术及3种反演海底地形技术,呈现了海底地形的立体、高效、高精度、高分辨率获取现状。并展望了海底地形测量发展趋势,认为研制超宽覆盖、高精度、高分辨率、轻便型多波束测深系统和研究声速影响改正模型、测深数据滤波方法及海底地形表达是未来声呐测深领域的核心工作,无人船测量将会成为一种重要的作业模式,机载激光雷达测深、基于声呐图像的海底地形恢复及深拖测量发展潜力巨大。

This paper briefly reviewed the history of seafloor terrain measuring technology,and then detailed the introduced sonar bathymetry based on vessel,airborne laser bathymetry,integrated measurement for coastal topography and three inversion methods for seafloor terrain.That entirely presents the current situation of stereoscopic,efficient,high-accuracy and high-resolution of seafloor topography acquirement.Finally,combined with the future requirements,this paper summarized the core job and development trend in future seafloor terrain measuring field,which includes developing more portable multi-beam system with ultra-wide coverage,high accuracy and resolution,researching more efficient correction model of sound velocity effects,smoothing of bathymetry data and expression of submarine topography.Meanwhile,automatic ship measurement will be an important task mode.Also airborne laser survey,seafloor topography inversion from sonar image and deep-towing measurement has enormous potential in development.