施肥方式对河北省干旱盐碱地区夏玉米性状和产量的影响

Effects of Different Fertilization Methods on Properties and Yields of Summer Maize in Arid Saline Region of Hebei Province

为了探索河北省环渤海干旱盐碱地区夏玉米高产施肥方式,连续2 a采用对比试验设计,研究了播前撒施和播种沟施2种施肥方式对夏玉米农艺性状及产量的影响。结果表明:与播种沟施处理相比,播前撒施处理不同生育期的玉米株高、鲜重和干重均有所增加,增幅分别为18.7%、26.4%和19.6%;穗粒数、籽粒产量和秸秆生物量显著增加,经济系数提高,平均增幅分别为6.4%、14.3%、7.4%和4.8%;百粒重和单位面积穗数无明显差异。在河北省盐碱障碍耕地上,采用播前撒施的施肥方式更为适宜。

To explore the fertilization methods for increasing yield of summer maize in arid saline region around the Bohai Sea,the effects of two fertilization methods（spreading before sowing and fertilizing in seed furrow） on the properties and yields of summer maize were studied. The results showed that compared with the treatment of fertilizing in seed furrow, the treatment of fertilizer spreading before sowing improved the plant height, fresh weight and dry weight of summer maize in each growth stages,which increased by 18.7%,26.4% and 19.6%,respectively. And the treatment of fertilizer spreading before sowing increased the grain number per ear, grain yield,straw biomass and of summer maize by 6.4%,14.3% and 7.4% respectively than that of the treatment of fertilizing in seed furrow. The economic coefficient was improved by 4.8% under the treatment of fertilizer spreading before sowing. No significant differences were existed in the weight of 100 grains and ears per unit area between two fertilizing methods. Thus fertilizer spreading before sowing in summer maize was the efficient fertilization methods in alkali-saline region in Hebei Province.