证据视角下的环境损害司法鉴定问题探讨

On the Judicial Identification of Environmental Damage from the Perspective of Evidence

环境损害司法鉴定意见所特有的客观性、科学性表明其在环境侵权诉讼中证明专业、复杂的案件事实起到举足轻重的作用,但不可否认其局限性,它只是法官审理案件过程中事实认定的辅助性手段,其主观性、依附性等特性进一步证实鉴定意见绝不可能完全主宰证据领域。因此,同其他种类证据无异,鉴定意见仍要经过证据检验才可发挥其证明价值。然而,由于环境损害司法鉴定的制度性缺陷明显,鉴定活动提供的环境损害司法鉴定意见往往经不起由形式到实质的全面检验,亟待完善环境损害司法鉴定内部体制,化解多重矛盾,并构建"专家辅助人—专家陪审员"二元制约模式的外部配套制度,对司法鉴定活动进一步规范和约束,以经得起实质性的证据检验,最终实现鉴定意见的科学性。

The objective and scientific nature of the identification opinion of the environmental damage judicature show that it plays a decisive role in environmental tort litigation in the professional and complex cases,but its limitation can not be denied. It is only the the auxiliary means to help judge identify the fact. its characteristics such as subjectivity and attachment further confirm that identification opinions can not completely dominate the field of evidence. Therefore,similar to the other types of evidence,identification of evidence can not prove its value until it has been tested. However,due to the obvious institutional defects of environmental damage judicial identification,the identification of environmental damage provided by the identification of activities often can not stand the comprehensive inspection from form to essence,it is urgent to improve the internal system of environmental damage judicial identification,to resolve multiple contradictions and to build the external supporting system of dual control model,that is,expert support-expert juror in order to further standardize and restrain the judicial identification activities and withstand substantive evidence test and ultimately to achieve the scientific significance of the identification opinion.