膳食添加深海鱼油对机体内EPA和DHA质量分数的影响

Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Fish Oil on Levels of EPA and DHA in Vivo

为了研究体内EPA和DHA随膳食补充的变化规律,根据能量平衡原则,设计不同EPA和DHA组成的合成饲料,分为ω-3组,ω-6组和对照组(Ctl组)进行小鼠饲养实验,同时进行深海鱼油膳食补充人体实验,研究机体对EPA和DHA吸收效率。结果表明,饲养前后,在ω-3组中血液总脂肪酸EPA和DHA的质量分数分别增加9.1倍和1.99倍。饲养后ω-3组与ω-6组相比,肝脏总脂肪酸中EPA和DHA的质量分数分别增加66倍和3倍;附睾脂肪垫总脂肪酸中EPA和DHA的质量分数分别增加8.1倍和4.9倍。饲养后ω-3组与Ctl组相比,肝脏总脂肪酸中EPA和DHA的质量分数分别增加35倍和3.5倍;附睾脂肪垫总脂肪酸中EPA和DHA的质量分数分别增加8.1倍和5.8倍。人体补充深海鱼油后,血液总脂肪酸中EPA的质量分数上升4.4倍,而DHA的质量分数上升1.4倍。因此在膳食中富含或缺乏EPA时,机体内EPA的质量分数会快速升高或降低,而DHA则相对稳定,EPA比DHA更容易受到膳食脂肪酸的影响。

The main focus of this study is to evaluate the effects of dietary supplement of EPA and DHA in vivo. The design of this study including the synthetic diets for mice,which were based on the balance of total energy,comprised the ω-3,ω-6 and control groups,and oral supplementation of fish oil for human;and to analyze the absorption efficiency of EPA and DHA in mice and in human after specified dietary supplementation. Our study showed that before and after one week dietary supplementation,the increasing ratio of EPA and DHA in blood of ω-3 group were 9.1 fold and 1.99 fold respectively. Compared to ω-6 group,the increase ratio of EPA and DHA in ω-3 group were 66 and 3 fold in liver,8.1 and 4.9 fold in epididymal fat pad respectively. Compared to Ctl group,the increasing ratio of EPA and DHA in ω-3 group were 35 and 3.5 fold in liver,8.1 and 5.8 fold in epididymal fat pad respectively. Human study also showed that oral administration of fish oil led to an increase of 4.4 and 1.4 fold for EPA and DHA respectively. Relative to DHA,the change of EPA level in body was more subjected to dietary fatty acid supplementation. Thus,EPA levels in mice and human are more subject to the dietary supplement compared to DHA level,probably due to the insufficient EPA intake or high turnover ratio in vivo,supplementation of fish oil to increase EPA levelin vivo is effective and probably necessary.