用于深空探测的大承载高燃重比薄壁贮箱一体化结构设计

Integrated Structure Design of Thin-Walled Tank with Large Bearing Capacity and High Propellant-Structure Mass Ratio for Deep Space Exploration

针对某空间科学探测器采用木星借力方式进入太阳极轨,若采用CZ-5运载火箭与上面级组合发射,探测器允许质量无法满足有效载荷需求的情况,为确保探测器质量可达1 350kg,创新提出大承载高燃重比薄壁贮箱一体化结构设计。先确定贮箱构型为6只球形贮箱焊接形成六边形整体。再通过分析承力杆内倾角、数量、是否贯穿贮箱内部等因素对承力效果的影响,确定承力杆最佳构型为正八边形构型,承力杆内倾25°,电子仪器贮箱各自与2根承力杆连接,内部贯穿;推进剂贮箱对应的承力杆不贯穿,变为贮箱上下两端的接头。既有贮箱组合承力,又有杆件集中承力。对整器的模态分析和一体化球形贮箱的静力分析表明均满足结构强度要求。燃重比从传统推进结构的12.5提高至20.7,增幅为65.6%,满足木星、太阳等深空探测任务变轨携带大量推进剂的需求。

To solve the problem that the allowed mass of some solar polar probe would not satisfy the payload requirement when it would enter the sun polar orbit by Jupiter＇s gravity-assist if the probe was launched by the combination of CZ-5 launching vehicle and up-stage,a novel integrated structure design of thin-walled tank with large bearing capacity and high propellant-structure mass ratio was put forward to guarantee that the design mass of a solar polar probe could reach 1 350 kg in this paper.First,6 tanks were welded into an integrated regular hexagon configuration.The loading rods＇ influence on load-carrying result under different inclined angles,amounts of rods and compound modes was analyzed.The optimal configuration of load carrying rod was regular octagon,whose inclined angle was 25°.Each electronic tank was connected with 2 rods,which run through the tanks totally.Meanwhile,instead of rods running through the tanks,each propellant tank had joints at the top and bottom.The mechanical analysis in two aspects of modal analysis for total spacecraft and static analysis for integrated sphere tank showed that both satisfied the demand of strength.The propellant-structure mass ratio increased from 12.5 to 20.7 by 65.6%.This design can increase the propellant-structure mass ratio efficiently,and meet the requirement of large propellant for following deep space exploration of Jupiter and the sun.