羟基磷灰石的合成及应用研究进展

Progress on Synthesis and Application of Hydroxyapatite

羟基磷灰石不仅具有较好的稳定性、生物活性和生物相容性,还具有良好的骨传导作用、生物可分解及诱导骨形成的能力,是人体骨损伤时性能优良且近于理想的骨修复及替代材料。但由于其强度低、韧性差、不易成型等自身力学性能的制约,目前尚未得到广泛应用。制备综合性能优越的羟基磷灰石及其更加理想的复合材料已成为近年来研究的重心和热点。笔者根据羟基磷灰石的研究现状,综述了羟基磷灰石的起源与发展、制备方法、应用及发展前景。重点剖析了由水热法到仿生法发展过程中多种制备方法的优缺点,并进一步探讨了由致密到多孔、由单一到复合、甚至多相复合的应用发展历程和精确控制其复合材料的微观结构与骨材料结构的相似度,研究合成新型仿生骨来达到临床使用要求的发展前景。

Hydroxyapatite is ideal bone repair and substitute materials for its novel properties such as good compatibility,stability,bioactivity,bone conduction and biodegradable. However,it has not been widely used so far due to its low strength,poor toughness,not easy to shape and other mechanical properties. The preparation of excellent hydroxyapatite as well as its compounds has become the key point of the present research. This paper domonstrated the origin,development,preparation,application and development prospect of hydroxyapatite based on its research status. Many different synthetic methods like hydrothermal and biomimetic method as well as their advantages and disadvantages were emphasized. The application development process from dense to porous,single to composite even to multiphase as well as accurate control of microstructure of hydroxyapatite was summarized. Besides,the paper researched the clinical application of bionic bone.